#pragma GCC target("avx2")
#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")

#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <deque>
#include <forward_list>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define PC(x) __builtin_popcount(x)
#define PCL(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
struct edge {
    int to, cost, id;
};
const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;
const double PI2 = PI * 2.0;
const double EPS = 1E-09;
const ll MOD = 1E+09 + 7; // =998244353;
const ll INFL = 1E18;
const int INFI = 1E09;
const int MAX_N = 1E+05;

ll dx[4] = { 0, -1, 0, 1 }, dy[4] = { 1, 0, -1, 0 };

int T;

int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);

    cin >> T;

    for (int t = 1; t <= T; ++t) {
        ll l, r;
        cin >> l >> r;
        ll x = r - l + 1;
        if (x % 2 == 0) {
            ll y = x / 2;
            if (y % 2 == 0) {
                if (y == 2) {
                    cout << 1 << "\n";
                } else {
                    cout << 0 << "\n";
                }
            } else {
                cout << 1 << "\n";
            }
        } else {
            ll y = (x + 1) / 2;
            if (y % 2 == 0) {
                ll z = y / 2;
                if (z % 2 == 0) {
                    cout << 0 << "\n";
                } else {
                    cout << 1 << "\n";
                }
            } else {
                ll z = y / 2;
                if (z % 2 == 0) {
                    cout << l + r << "\n";
                } else {
                    cout << ((l + r) ^ 1) << "\n";
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    //     for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
    //         cout << "i = " << i << ", j = " << j << ", dp = " << dp[i][j] << "\n";
    //     }
    // }

    return 0;
}