/* -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 *
 * 1930.cc:  No.1930 XOR of Two Range - yukicoder
 */

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
 
using namespace std;

/* constant */

/* typedef */

typedef long long ll;

/* global variables */

/* subroutines */

/* main */

int main() {
  int tn;
  scanf("%d", &tn);

  while (tn--) {
    ll l, r;
    scanf("%lld%lld", &l, &r);
    ll k = r + 1 - l;
    ll x = k / 4, y = k % 4;

    ll sum = x & 1;
    if (y == 1) sum ^= 2 * l + x * 4;
    else if (y > 1) sum ^= 1;

    printf("%lld\n", sum);
  }
  return 0;
}