T = gets.to_i

def f(x)
  ok = 0
  ng = 10 ** 15

  while (ok - ng).abs >= 2
    v = (ok + ng) / 2

    if v * v <= x
      ok = v
    else
      ng = v
    end
  end

  ok
end

def g(x)
  ok = 0
  ng = 10 ** 15

  while (ok - ng).abs >= 2
    v = (ok + ng) / 2

    if 2 * v * v <= x
      ok = v
    else
      ng = v
    end
  end

  ok
end

T.times do
  l, r = gets.split.map(&:to_i)

  v1 = f(l - 1)
  v2 = f(r)
  v3 = g(l - 1)
  v4 = g(r)

  puts ((v2 + v4) - (v1 + v3)) % 2
end