#line 1 "library/template/template.hpp" //#pragma GCC target("avx") //#pragma GCC optimize("O3") //#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") #include #define overload4(a,b,c,d,e,...) e #define overload3(a,b,c,d,...) d #define rep1(a) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(a);i++) #define rep2(i,a) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(a);i++) #define rep3(i,a,b) for(ll i=(ll)(a);i<(ll)(b);i++) #define rep4(i,a,b,c) for(ll i=(ll)(a);i<(ll)(b);i+=(ll)(c)) #define rep(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, rep4, rep3, rep2, rep1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define rrep1(a) for(ll i=(ll)(a)-1;i>=0;i--) #define rrep2(i,a) for(ll i=(ll)(a)-1;i>=0;i--) #define rrep3(i,a,b) for(ll i=(ll)(b)-1;i>=(ll)(a);i--) #define rrep(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__,rrep3,rrep2,rrep1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define fore(...) for (auto&& __VA_ARGS__) #define all1(i) begin(i),end(i) #define all2(i,a) begin(i),begin(i)+a #define all3(i,a,b) begin(i)+a,begin(i)+b #define all(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__,all3,all2,all1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define rall(n) (n).rbegin(),(n).rend() #define INT(...) int __VA_ARGS__;scan(__VA_ARGS__) #define LL(...) ll __VA_ARGS__;scan(__VA_ARGS__) #define STR(...) string __VA_ARGS__;scan(__VA_ARGS__) #define CHR(...) char __VA_ARGS__;scan(__VA_ARGS__) #define DBL(...) double __VA_ARGS__;scan(__VA_ARGS__) #define LD(...) ld __VA_ARGS__;scan(__VA_ARGS__) #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define END(...) {print(__VA_ARGS__);return;} using namespace std; using ll=long long; using ull=unsigned long long; using ld=long double; using vl=vector; using vi=vector; using vs=vector; using vc=vector; using vvl=vector; using pi=pair; using pl=pair; using vvc=vector; using vd=vector; using vp=vector; using vb=vector; const int dx[8]={1,0,-1,0,1,-1,-1,1}; const int dy[8]={0,1,0,-1,1,1,-1,-1}; const ll MOD=1000000007; const ll mod=998244353; const ld EPS=1e-8; const ld PI=3.1415926535897932384626; template ostream &operator<<(ostream&os,const pair&p){os< istream &operator>>(istream&is,pair&p){is>>p.first>>p.second;return is;} template ostream &operator<<(ostream&os,const vector&v){for(auto it=v.begin();it!=v.end();){os<<*it<<((++it)!=v.end()?" ":"");}return os;} template istream &operator>>(istream&is,vector&v){for(T &in:v){is>>in;}return is;} void scan(){} template void scan(Head&head,Tail&... tail){cin>>head;scan(tail...);} template void print(const T &t){cout< void print(const Head &head, const Tail &... tail){cout< void fin(const T &... a){print(a...);exit(0);} template inline bool chmax(T&a,U b){return a inline bool chmin(T&a,U b){return a>b&&(a=b,true);} template class infinity{ public: static const T MAX=numeric_limits::max(); static const T MIN=numeric_limits::min(); static const T value=numeric_limits::max()/2; static const T mvalue=numeric_limits::min()/2; }; #if __cplusplus <= 201402L templateconst T infinity::value; templateconst T infinity::mvalue; templateconst T infinity::MAX; templateconst T infinity::MIN; #endif templateconst T INF=infinity::value; const long long inf=INF; inline int popcnt(ull x){ #if __cplusplus>=202002L return popcount(x); #endif x=(x&0x5555555555555555)+((x>>1)&0x5555555555555555);x=(x&0x3333333333333333)+((x>>2)&0x3333333333333333);x=(x&0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f)+((x>>4)&0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f);x=(x&0x00ff00ff00ff00ff)+((x>>8)&0x00ff00ff00ff00ff);x=(x&0x0000ffff0000ffff)+((x>>16)&0x0000ffff0000ffff);return (x&0x00000000ffffffff)+((x>>32)&0x00000000ffffffff); } template struct is_specialize:false_type{}; template struct is_specialize::type>:true_type{}; template struct is_specialize::type>:true_type{}; template struct is_specialize::value,void>>:true_type{}; void dump(const char&t){cerr<::value,nullptr_t> =nullptr> void dump(const T&t){cerr< void dump(const T&t,enable_if_t::value>* =nullptr){string tmp;if(t==infinity::value||t==infinity::MAX)tmp="inf";if(t==infinity::mvalue||t==infinity::MIN)tmp="-inf";if(tmp.empty())tmp=to_string(t);cerr< void dump(const T&t,enable_if_t::value>* =nullptr){cerr<<"{";for(auto it=t.begin();it!=t.end();){dump(*it);cerr<<(++it==t.end()?"":",");}cerr<<"}";} template void dump(const pair&t){cerr<<"(";dump(t.first);cerr<<",";dump(t.second);cerr<<")";} void trace(){cerr< void trace(Head&&head,Tail&&... tail){dump(head);if(sizeof...(tail))cerr<<",";trace(forward(tail)...);} #ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE #define debug(...) (void(0)) #else #define debug(...) do{cerr<<#__VA_ARGS__<<"=";trace(__VA_ARGS__);}while(0) #endif struct IOSetup{IOSetup(){cin.tie(nullptr);ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cout.tie(0);cout< struct modint{ long long x; constexpr modint():x(0){} constexpr modint(long long y):x(y>=0?y%m:(m-(-y)%m)%m){} modint inv()const{ long long a=x,b=m,u=1,v=0,t; while(b){ t=a/b; swap(a-=t*b,b); swap(u-=t*v,v); } return modint(u); } modint &operator+=(const modint&p){if((x+=p.x)>=m)x-=m;return *this;} modint &operator-=(const modint&p){if((x+=m-p.x)>=m)x-=m;return *this;} modint &operator*=(const modint&p){x=x*p.x;if(x>=m)x%=m;return *this;} modint &operator/=(const modint&p){*this*=p.inv();return *this;} friend modint operator+(const modint&l,const modint&r){return modint(l)+=r;} friend modint operator-(const modint&l,const modint&r){return modint(l)-=r;} friend modint operator*(const modint&l,const modint&r){return modint(l)*=r;} friend modint operator/(const modint&l,const modint&r){return modint(l)/=r;} modint operator-()const{return modint(-x);} modint operator+()const{return *this;} modint &operator++(){x++;if(x==m)x=0;return *this;} modint &operator--(){if(x==0)x=m;x--;return *this;} modint operator++(int){modint ret(*this);++*this;return ret;} modint operator--(int){modint ret(*this);--*this;return ret;} friend bool operator==(const modint&l,const modint&r){return l.x==r.x;} friend bool operator!=(const modint&l,const modint&r){return l.x!=r.x;} modint pow(long long n)const{ modint ret(1),mul(x); while(n){ if(n&1)ret*=mul; mul*=mul; n>>=1; } return ret; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os,const modint&p) { return os<>(istream &is, modint &a) { long long t; is>>t; a=modint(t); return (is); } static long long get_mod(){return m;} }; /** * @brief modint */ #line 3 "code.cpp" using mint=modint; int main(){ LL(t); while(t--){ LL(n,m); mint tmp=mint(n).pow(m); mint sum=tmp*(tmp+1)/2; tmp=mint(n).pow(m/2); sum-=tmp*(2*tmp*tmp+3*tmp+1)/6; print(sum); } }