#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>
#include<numeric>
#include<queue>
#include<deque>
#include<stack>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<random>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int mod=998244353;
int main(){
	int q,n,k;
	cin>>q;
	while(cin>>n>>k){
		if(k==1)
			cout<<n-1<<endl;
		else
			cout<<(int)ceil(log((k-1)*n+1)/log(k))-1<<endl;
	}
}