using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Globalization; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Numerics; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace YukiCoder { class Program { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)] static void Main() { #if DEBUG object locker = new object(); long sum = 0; int size = 100; bool parallel = true; if (parallel) { Parallel.For(0, size, i => { var score = Run(i); lock (locker) { Console.WriteLine($"{i:d4}: {score:d6}"); Console.Out.Flush(); sum += score; } }); } else { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { var score = Run(i); lock (locker) { Console.WriteLine($"{i:d4}: {score:d6}"); Console.Out.Flush(); sum += score; } } } sum /= size / 100; Console.WriteLine(""); Console.WriteLine($"sum: {sum}"); Console.Out.Flush(); #else Run(-1); #endif } private static long Run(int number) { var sw = new Stopwatch(); sw.Start(); bool isDebug = false; #if DEBUG using var cin = number >= 0 ? new Scanner(@$"D:\yukico\score002\input\{number:d4}.txt") : new Scanner(); isDebug = true; #else using var cin = new Scanner(); #endif var (n, m) = cin.Int2(); var planets = new (int x, int y)[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { planets[i] = cin.Int2(); } var stations = new (int x, int y)[m]; var root = new List<(int t, int i)>(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { root.Add((1, i)); } //root.Add((1, 1)); var opt = new TwoOpt<(int t, int i)>( root.AsSpan(), true, (x, y) => CalculateOne(x, y, planets, stations)); opt.InitializeByNearestNeighbour(); while (sw.ElapsedMilliseconds < 400) { opt.Optimize(); } root = opt.Array.ToList(); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int mi = 0; long max = 0; int xxx = 0; int yyy = 0; var addList = new HashSet(); for (int l = 1; l < 25; l++) { for (int j = 0; j < root.Count - 1; j++) { if (root[j].t == 2 || root[j + 1].t == 2) { continue; } int ll = Math.Min(l, root.Count - 1 - j + 1); int xx = 0; int yy = 0; for (int tt = 0; tt < ll; tt++) { xx += planets[root[j + tt].i].x; yy += planets[root[j + tt].i].y; } xx /= ll; yy /= ll; stations[i] = (xx, yy); long del = 0; var tempAddList = new HashSet(); for (int k = 0; k < root.Count - 1; k++) { var before = CalculateOne(root[k], root[k + 1], planets, stations); var after = CalculateOne(root[k], (2, i), planets, stations) + CalculateOne((2, i), root[k + 1], planets, stations); if (after < before) { tempAddList.Add(k); del += before - after; } } if (del > max) { mi = j; max = del; addList = tempAddList; xxx = xx; yyy = yy; } } } stations[i] = (xxx, yyy); var nextRoot = new List<(int t, int i)>(); for (int j = 0; j < root.Count; j++) { nextRoot.Add(root[j]); if (addList.Contains(j)) { nextRoot.Add((2, i)); } } root = nextRoot; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { var addList = new HashSet(); for (int j = 0; j < root.Count - 1; j++) { var before = CalculateOne(root[j], root[j + 1], planets, stations); var after = CalculateOne(root[j], (1, i), planets, stations) + CalculateOne((1, i), root[j + 1], planets, stations); if (after < before) { addList.Add(j); } } if (addList.Count > 0) { var nextRoot = new List<(int t, int i)>(); for (int j = 0; j < root.Count; j++) { nextRoot.Add(root[j]); if (addList.Contains(j)) { nextRoot.Add((1, i)); } } root = nextRoot; } } long score = Calculate(root, planets, stations); var rnd = new Random(); while (sw.ElapsedMilliseconds < 920) { int tm = rnd.Next(0, m); int dd = rnd.Next(0, 4); var (ox, oy) = stations[tm]; if ((dd & 1) == 0) { if ((dd & 2) == 0) { stations[tm] = (ox - 1, oy); } else { stations[tm] = (ox + 1, oy); } } else { if ((dd & 2) == 0) { stations[tm] = (ox, oy - 1); } else { stations[tm] = (ox, oy + 1); } } var tempScore = Calculate(root, planets, stations); if (tempScore >= score) { score = tempScore; } else { stations[tm] = (ox, oy); } } if (isDebug == false) { for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { Console.WriteLine($"{stations[i].x} {stations[i].y}"); } Console.WriteLine(root.Count); foreach (var (t, i) in root) { Console.WriteLine($"{t} {i + 1}"); } } else { var sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { sb.AppendLine($"{stations[i].x} {stations[i].y}"); } sb.AppendLine(root.Count.ToString()); foreach (var (t, i) in root) { sb.AppendLine($"{t} {i + 1}"); } cin.Save(sb.ToString()); } return score; } private static long CalculateOne( (int t, int i) r1, (int t, int i) r2, (int x, int y)[] platents, (int x, int y)[] stations) { var (t1, i1) = r1; var (t2, i2) = r2; var (x1, y1) = t1 == 1 ? platents[i1] : stations[i1]; var (x2, y2) = t2 == 1 ? platents[i2] : stations[i2]; long dx = x1 - x2; long dy = y1 - y2; long d = dx * dx + dy * dy; long alpha = t1 != t2 ? 5 : t1 == 1 ? 25 : 1; return d * alpha; } private static long Calculate( List<(int t, int i)> root, (int x, int y)[] planets, (int x, int y)[] stations) { long s = 0; int k = root.Count; for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { long temp = CalculateOne(root[i], root[(i + 1) % k], planets, stations); s += temp; } long score = (long)Math.Round(1000000000L / (1000 + Math.Sqrt(s))); return score; } } public class TwoOpt { private readonly int _n; private readonly int _m; private readonly T[] _array; private readonly Func _getCost; private readonly Random _rnd = new Random(); public T this[int i] => _array[i]; public T[] Array => _array; public TwoOpt( ReadOnlySpan src, bool isRing, Func getCost) { _n = src.Length; _getCost = getCost; _m = isRing ? _n + 1 : _n; _array = new T[_m]; for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { _array[i] = src[i]; } if (isRing) { _array[_n] = _array[0]; } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void InitializeByNearestNeighbour() => InitializeByNearestNeighbour(0, _n); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void InitializeByNearestNeighbour(int left, int right) { for (int i = left + 1; i < right; i++) { long min = long.MaxValue; int minIndex = 0; for (int j = i; j < right; j++) { long cost = _getCost(_array[i - 1], _array[j]); if (cost < min) { min = cost; minIndex = j; } } (_array[minIndex], _array[i]) = (_array[i], _array[minIndex]); } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Optimize() => Optimize(1, 0, _m); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Optimize(int count) => Optimize(count, 0, _m); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Optimize(int count, int left, int right) { for (int k = 0; k < count; k++) { int i = _rnd.Next(left, right - 1); int j = _rnd.Next(left + 1, right); while (i + 1 == j) { j = _rnd.Next(left + 1, right); } if (j < i) { (i, j) = (j, i); } long before = _getCost(_array[i], _array[i + 1]) + _getCost(_array[j - 1], _array[j]); long after = _getCost(_array[i], _array[j - 1]) + _getCost(_array[i + 1], _array[j]); if (after < before) { ++i; --j; while (i < j) { (_array[i], _array[j]) = (_array[j], _array[i]); ++i; --j; } } } } public (long delta, int targetIndex) EstimateExchange(int removeIndex, T newValue) => EstimateExchange(removeIndex, newValue, 1, _m - 1); public (long delta, int targetIndex) EstimateExchange( int removeIndex, T newValue, int left, int right) { long after = long.MaxValue; int target = 1; for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) { int l = i - 1; if (l == removeIndex) { l--; } int r = i; if (r == removeIndex) { r++; } long tempAfter = _getCost(_array[l], newValue) + _getCost(newValue, _array[r]); if (tempAfter < after) { after = tempAfter; target = i; } } if (removeIndex == target || removeIndex == target - 1) { long before = _getCost(_array[removeIndex - 1], _array[removeIndex]) + _getCost(_array[removeIndex], _array[removeIndex + 1]); return (after - before, target); } else { long delta = 0; delta -= _getCost(_array[removeIndex - 1], _array[removeIndex]); delta -= _getCost(_array[removeIndex], _array[removeIndex + 1]); delta += _getCost(_array[removeIndex - 1], _array[removeIndex + 1]); delta -= _getCost(_array[target - 1], _array[target]); delta += after; return (delta, target); } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Exchange(int removeIndex, T newValue, bool forced) => Exchange(removeIndex, newValue, 1, _m - 1, forced); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Exchange(int removeIndex, T newValue, int left, int right, bool forced) { var (delta, target) = EstimateExchange(removeIndex, newValue, left, right); if (forced || delta < 0) { Exchange(removeIndex, target, newValue); } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Exchange(int removeIndex, int insertIndex, T newValue) { if (removeIndex < insertIndex) { for (int i = removeIndex; i < insertIndex - 1; i++) { _array[i] = _array[i + 1]; } _array[insertIndex - 1] = newValue; } else if (removeIndex > insertIndex) { for (int i = removeIndex - 1; i >= insertIndex; i--) { _array[i + 1] = _array[i]; } _array[insertIndex] = newValue; } else { _array[removeIndex] = newValue; } } } public struct BitFlag { public static BitFlag Begin() => 0; public static BitFlag End(int bitCount) => 1 << bitCount; public static BitFlag FromBit(int bitNumber) => 1 << bitNumber; public static BitFlag Fill(int count) => (1 << count) - 1; public static IEnumerable All(int n) { for (var f = Begin(); f < End(n); ++f) { yield return f; } } private readonly int flags_; public int Flag => flags_; public bool this[int bitNumber] => (flags_ & (1 << bitNumber)) != 0; public BitFlag(int flags) { flags_ = flags; } public bool Has(BitFlag target) => (flags_ & target.flags_) == target.flags_; public bool Has(int target) => (flags_ & target) == target; public bool HasBit(int bitNumber) => (flags_ & (1 << bitNumber)) != 0; public BitFlag OrBit(int bitNumber) => flags_ | (1 << bitNumber); public BitFlag AndBit(int bitNumber) => flags_ & (1 << bitNumber); public BitFlag XorBit(int bitNumber) => flags_ ^ (1 << bitNumber); public BitFlag ComplementOf(BitFlag sub) => flags_ ^ sub.flags_; public int PopCount() => BitOperations.PopCount((uint)flags_); public static BitFlag operator ++(BitFlag src) => new BitFlag(src.flags_ + 1); public static BitFlag operator --(BitFlag src) => new BitFlag(src.flags_ - 1); public static BitFlag operator |(BitFlag lhs, BitFlag rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs.flags_ | rhs.flags_); public static BitFlag operator |(BitFlag lhs, int rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs.flags_ | rhs); public static BitFlag operator |(int lhs, BitFlag rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs | rhs.flags_); public static BitFlag operator &(BitFlag lhs, BitFlag rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs.flags_ & rhs.flags_); public static BitFlag operator &(BitFlag lhs, int rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs.flags_ & rhs); public static BitFlag operator &(int lhs, BitFlag rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs & rhs.flags_); public static BitFlag operator ^(BitFlag lhs, BitFlag rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs.flags_ ^ rhs.flags_); public static BitFlag operator ^(BitFlag lhs, int rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs.flags_ ^ rhs); public static BitFlag operator ^(int lhs, BitFlag rhs) => new BitFlag(lhs ^ rhs.flags_); public static BitFlag operator <<(BitFlag bit, int shift) => bit.flags_ << shift; public static BitFlag operator >>(BitFlag bit, int shift) => bit.flags_ >> shift; public static bool operator <(BitFlag lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs.flags_ < rhs.flags_; public static bool operator <(BitFlag lhs, int rhs) => lhs.flags_ < rhs; public static bool operator <(int lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs < rhs.flags_; public static bool operator >(BitFlag lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs.flags_ > rhs.flags_; public static bool operator >(BitFlag lhs, int rhs) => lhs.flags_ > rhs; public static bool operator >(int lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs > rhs.flags_; public static bool operator <=(BitFlag lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs.flags_ <= rhs.flags_; public static bool operator <=(BitFlag lhs, int rhs) => lhs.flags_ <= rhs; public static bool operator <=(int lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs <= rhs.flags_; public static bool operator >=(BitFlag lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs.flags_ >= rhs.flags_; public static bool operator >=(BitFlag lhs, int rhs) => lhs.flags_ >= rhs; public static bool operator >=(int lhs, BitFlag rhs) => lhs >= rhs.flags_; public static implicit operator BitFlag(int t) => new BitFlag(t); public static implicit operator int(BitFlag t) => t.flags_; public override string ToString() => $"{Convert.ToString(flags_, 2).PadLeft(32, '0')} ({flags_})"; public SubBitsEnumerator SubBits => new SubBitsEnumerator(flags_); public struct SubBitsEnumerator : IEnumerable { private readonly int flags_; public SubBitsEnumerator(int flags) { flags_ = flags; } IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => new Enumerator(flags_); IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => new Enumerator(flags_); public Enumerator GetEnumerator() => new Enumerator(flags_); public struct Enumerator : IEnumerator { private readonly int src_; public BitFlag Current { get; private set; } object IEnumerator.Current => Current; public Enumerator(int flags) { src_ = flags; Current = flags + 1; } public void Dispose() { } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public bool MoveNext() => (Current = --Current & src_) > 0; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Reset() => Current = src_; } } } public class HashMap : Dictionary { public static HashMap Merge( HashMap src1, HashMap src2, Func mergeValues) { if (src1.Count < src2.Count) { (src1, src2) = (src2, src1); } foreach (var key in src2.Keys) { src1[key] = mergeValues(src1[key], src2[key]); } return src1; } private readonly Func initialzier_; public HashMap(Func initialzier) : base() { initialzier_ = initialzier; } public HashMap(Func initialzier, int capacity) : base(capacity) { initialzier_ = initialzier; } new public TValue this[TKey key] { get { if (TryGetValue(key, out TValue value)) { return value; } else { var init = initialzier_(key); base[key] = init; return init; } } set { base[key] = value; } } public HashMap Merge( HashMap src, Func mergeValues) { foreach (var key in src.Keys) { this[key] = mergeValues(this[key], src[key]); } return this; } } public class JagList2 where T : struct { private readonly int n_; private readonly List[] tempValues_; private T[][] values_; public int Count => n_; public List[] Raw => tempValues_; public T[][] Values => values_; public T[] this[int index] => values_[index]; public JagList2(int n) { n_ = n; tempValues_ = new List[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { tempValues_[i] = new List(); } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Add(int i, T value) => tempValues_[i].Add(value); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Build() { values_ = new T[n_][]; for (int i = 0; i < values_.Length; ++i) { values_[i] = tempValues_[i].ToArray(); } } } public class DijkstraQ { private int count_ = 0; private long[] distanceHeap_; private int[] vertexHeap_; public int Count => count_; public DijkstraQ() { distanceHeap_ = new long[8]; vertexHeap_ = new int[8]; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public void Enqueue(long distance, int v) { if (distanceHeap_.Length == count_) { var newDistanceHeap = new long[distanceHeap_.Length << 1]; var newVertexHeap = new int[vertexHeap_.Length << 1]; Unsafe.CopyBlock( ref Unsafe.As(ref newDistanceHeap[0]), ref Unsafe.As(ref distanceHeap_[0]), (uint)(8 * count_)); Unsafe.CopyBlock( ref Unsafe.As(ref newVertexHeap[0]), ref Unsafe.As(ref vertexHeap_[0]), (uint)(4 * count_)); distanceHeap_ = newDistanceHeap; vertexHeap_ = newVertexHeap; } ref var dRef = ref distanceHeap_[0]; ref var vRef = ref vertexHeap_[0]; Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, count_) = distance; Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, count_) = v; ++count_; int c = count_ - 1; while (c > 0) { int p = (c - 1) >> 1; var tempD = Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, p); if (tempD <= distance) { break; } else { Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, c) = tempD; Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, c) = Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, p); c = p; } } Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, c) = distance; Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, c) = v; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (long distance, int v) Dequeue() { ref var dRef = ref distanceHeap_[0]; ref var vRef = ref vertexHeap_[0]; (long distance, int v) ret = (dRef, vRef); int n = count_ - 1; var distance = Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, n); var vertex = Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, n); int p = 0; int c = (p << 1) + 1; while (c < n) { if (c != n - 1 && Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, c + 1) < Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, c)) { ++c; } var tempD = Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, c); if (distance > tempD) { Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, p) = tempD; Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, p) = Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, c); p = c; c = (p << 1) + 1; } else { break; } } Unsafe.Add(ref dRef, p) = distance; Unsafe.Add(ref vRef, p) = vertex; --count_; return ret; } } public struct ModInt { //public const long P = 1000000007; public const long P = 998244353; //public const long P = 2; public const long ROOT = 3; // (924844033, 5) // (998244353, 3) // (1012924417, 5) // (167772161, 3) // (469762049, 3) // (1224736769, 3) private long value_; public static ModInt New(long value, bool mods) => new ModInt(value, mods); public ModInt(long value) => value_ = value; public ModInt(long value, bool mods) { if (mods) { value %= P; if (value < 0) { value += P; } } value_ = value; } public static ModInt operator +(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs) { lhs.value_ = (lhs.value_ + rhs.value_) % P; return lhs; } public static ModInt operator +(long lhs, ModInt rhs) { rhs.value_ = (lhs + rhs.value_) % P; return rhs; } public static ModInt operator +(ModInt lhs, long rhs) { lhs.value_ = (lhs.value_ + rhs) % P; return lhs; } public static ModInt operator -(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs) { lhs.value_ = (P + lhs.value_ - rhs.value_) % P; return lhs; } public static ModInt operator -(long lhs, ModInt rhs) { rhs.value_ = (P + lhs - rhs.value_) % P; return rhs; } public static ModInt operator -(ModInt lhs, long rhs) { lhs.value_ = (P + lhs.value_ - rhs) % P; return lhs; } public static ModInt operator *(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs) { lhs.value_ = lhs.value_ * rhs.value_ % P; return lhs; } public static ModInt operator *(long lhs, ModInt rhs) { rhs.value_ = lhs * rhs.value_ % P; return rhs; } public static ModInt operator *(ModInt lhs, long rhs) { lhs.value_ = lhs.value_ * rhs % P; return lhs; } public static ModInt operator /(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs) => lhs * Inverse(rhs); public static implicit operator ModInt(long n) => new ModInt(n, true); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static ModInt Inverse(ModInt value) => Pow(value, P - 2); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static ModInt Pow(ModInt value, long k) => Pow(value.value_, k); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static ModInt Pow(long value, long k) { long ret = 1; while (k > 0) { if ((k & 1) != 0) { ret = ret * value % P; } value = value * value % P; k >>= 1; } return new ModInt(ret); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public long ToLong() => value_; public override string ToString() => value_.ToString(); } public static class Helper { public static long INF => 1L << 50; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T Clamp(this T value, T min, T max) where T : struct, IComparable { if (value.CompareTo(min) <= 0) { return min; } if (value.CompareTo(max) >= 0) { return max; } return value; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static void UpdateMin(this ref T target, T value) where T : struct, IComparable => target = target.CompareTo(value) > 0 ? value : target; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static void UpdateMin(this ref T target, T value, Action onUpdated) where T : struct, IComparable { if (target.CompareTo(value) > 0) { target = value; onUpdated(value); } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static void UpdateMax(this ref T target, T value) where T : struct, IComparable => target = target.CompareTo(value) < 0 ? value : target; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static void UpdateMax(this ref T target, T value, Action onUpdated) where T : struct, IComparable { if (target.CompareTo(value) < 0) { target = value; onUpdated(value); } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static long BinarySearchOKNG(long ok, long ng, Func satisfies) { while (ng - ok > 1) { long mid = (ok + ng) / 2; if (satisfies(mid)) { ok = mid; } else { ng = mid; } } return ok; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static long BinarySearchNGOK(long ng, long ok, Func satisfies) { while (ok - ng > 1) { long mid = (ok + ng) / 2; if (satisfies(mid)) { ok = mid; } else { ng = mid; } } return ok; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[] Array1(int n, T initialValue) where T : struct => new T[n].Fill(initialValue); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[] Array1(int n, Func initializer) => Enumerable.Range(0, n).Select(x => initializer(x)).ToArray(); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[] Fill(this T[] array, T value) where T : struct { array.AsSpan().Fill(value); return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[,] Array2(int n, int m, T initialValule) where T : struct => new T[n, m].Fill(initialValule); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[,] Array2(int n, int m, Func initializer) { var array = new T[n, m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) { array[i, j] = initializer(i, j); } } return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[,] Fill(this T[,] array, T initialValue) where T : struct { MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[0, 0], array.Length).Fill(initialValue); return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static Span AsSpan(this T[,] array, int i) => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[i, 0], array.GetLength(1)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[,,] Array3(int n1, int n2, int n3, T initialValue) where T : struct => new T[n1, n2, n3].Fill(initialValue); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[,,] Fill(this T[,,] array, T initialValue) where T : struct { MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[0, 0, 0], array.Length).Fill(initialValue); return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static Span AsSpan(this T[,,] array, int i, int j) => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[i, j, 0], array.GetLength(2)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[,,,] Array4(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4, T initialValue) where T : struct => new T[n1, n2, n3, n4].Fill(initialValue); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[,,,] Fill(this T[,,,] array, T initialValue) where T : struct { MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[0, 0, 0, 0], array.Length).Fill(initialValue); return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static Span AsSpan(this T[,,,] array, int i, int j, int k) => MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref array[i, j, k, 0], array.GetLength(3)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static T[] Merge(ReadOnlySpan first, ReadOnlySpan second) where T : IComparable { var ret = new T[first.Length + second.Length]; int p = 0; int q = 0; while (p < first.Length || q < second.Length) { if (p == first.Length) { ret[p + q] = second[q]; q++; continue; } if (q == second.Length) { ret[p + q] = first[p]; p++; continue; } if (first[p].CompareTo(second[q]) < 0) { ret[p + q] = first[p]; p++; } else { ret[p + q] = second[q]; q++; } } return ret; } private static readonly int[] delta4_ = { 1, 0, -1, 0, 1 }; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static IEnumerable<(int i, int j)> Adjacence4(int i, int j, int imax, int jmax) { for (int dn = 0; dn < 4; ++dn) { int d4i = i + delta4_[dn]; int d4j = j + delta4_[dn + 1]; if ((uint)d4i < (uint)imax && (uint)d4j < (uint)jmax) { yield return (d4i, d4j); } } } private static readonly int[] delta8_ = { 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1 }; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static IEnumerable<(int i, int j)> Adjacence8(int i, int j, int imax, int jmax) { for (int dn = 0; dn < 8; ++dn) { int d8i = i + delta8_[dn]; int d8j = j + delta8_[dn + 1]; if ((uint)d8i < (uint)imax && (uint)d8j < (uint)jmax) { yield return (d8i, d8j); } } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static IEnumerable SubBitsOf(int bit) { for (int sub = bit; sub > 0; sub = --sub & bit) { yield return sub; } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static string Reverse(string src) { var chars = src.ToCharArray(); for (int i = 0, j = chars.Length - 1; i < j; ++i, --j) { var tmp = chars[i]; chars[i] = chars[j]; chars[j] = tmp; } return new string(chars); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static string Exchange(string src, char a, char b) { var chars = src.ToCharArray(); for (int i = 0; i < chars.Length; i++) { if (chars[i] == a) { chars[i] = b; } else if (chars[i] == b) { chars[i] = a; } } return new string(chars); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static void Swap(this string str, int i, int j) { var span = str.AsWriteableSpan(); (span[i], span[j]) = (span[j], span[i]); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static char Replace(this string str, int index, char c) { var span = str.AsWriteableSpan(); char old = span[index]; span[index] = c; return old; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static Span AsWriteableSpan(this string str) { var span = str.AsSpan(); return MemoryMarshal.CreateSpan(ref MemoryMarshal.GetReference(span), span.Length); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static string Join(this IEnumerable values, string separator = "") => string.Join(separator, values); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static string JoinNL(this IEnumerable values) => string.Join(Environment.NewLine, values); } public static class Extensions { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public static Span AsSpan(this List list) { return Unsafe.As>(list).Array.AsSpan(0, list.Count); } private class FakeList { public T[] Array = null; } } public class Scanner : IDisposable { private const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024; private const int ASCII_SPACE = 32; private const int ASCII_CHAR_BEGIN = 33; private const int ASCII_CHAR_END = 126; private readonly string filePath_; private readonly Stream stream_; private readonly byte[] buf_ = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; private int length_ = 0; private int index_ = 0; private bool isEof_ = false; public Scanner(string file = "") { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(file)) { stream_ = Console.OpenStandardInput(); } else { filePath_ = file; stream_ = new FileStream(file, FileMode.Open); } Console.SetOut(new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false }); } public void Dispose() { Console.Out.Flush(); stream_.Dispose(); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public string NextLine() { var sb = new StringBuilder(); for (var b = Char(); b >= ASCII_SPACE && b <= ASCII_CHAR_END; b = (char)Read()) { sb.Append(b); } return sb.ToString(); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public char Char() { byte b; do { b = Read(); } while (b < ASCII_CHAR_BEGIN || ASCII_CHAR_END < b); return (char)b; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public string String() { var sb = new StringBuilder(); for (var b = Char(); b >= ASCII_CHAR_BEGIN && b <= ASCII_CHAR_END; b = (char)Read()) { sb.Append(b); } return sb.ToString(); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public string[] ArrayString(int length) { var array = new string[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { array[i] = String(); } return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public int Int() => (int)Long(); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public int Int(int offset) => Int() + offset; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (int, int) Int2(int offset = 0) => (Int(offset), Int(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (int, int, int) Int3(int offset = 0) => (Int(offset), Int(offset), Int(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (int, int, int, int) Int4(int offset = 0) => (Int(offset), Int(offset), Int(offset), Int(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (int, int, int, int, int) Int5(int offset = 0) => (Int(offset), Int(offset), Int(offset), Int(offset), Int(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public int[] ArrayInt(int length, int offset = 0) { var array = new int[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { array[i] = Int(offset); } return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public long Long() { long ret = 0; byte b; bool ng = false; do { b = Read(); } while (b != '-' && (b < '0' || '9' < b)); if (b == '-') { ng = true; b = Read(); } for (; true; b = Read()) { if (b < '0' || '9' < b) { return ng ? -ret : ret; } else { ret = ret * 10 + b - '0'; } } } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public long Long(long offset) => Long() + offset; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (long, long) Long2(long offset = 0) => (Long(offset), Long(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (long, long, long) Long3(long offset = 0) => (Long(offset), Long(offset), Long(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (long, long, long, long) Long4(long offset = 0) => (Long(offset), Long(offset), Long(offset), Long(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (long, long, long, long, long) Long5(long offset = 0) => (Long(offset), Long(offset), Long(offset), Long(offset), Long(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public long[] ArrayLong(int length, long offset = 0) { var array = new long[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { array[i] = Long(offset); } return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public BigInteger Big() => new BigInteger(Long()); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public BigInteger Big(long offset) => Big() + offset; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (BigInteger, BigInteger) Big2(long offset = 0) => (Big(offset), Big(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (BigInteger, BigInteger, BigInteger) Big3(long offset = 0) => (Big(offset), Big(offset), Big(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (BigInteger, BigInteger, BigInteger, BigInteger) Big4(long offset = 0) => (Big(offset), Big(offset), Big(offset), Big(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (BigInteger, BigInteger, BigInteger, BigInteger, BigInteger) Big5(long offset = 0) => (Big(offset), Big(offset), Big(offset), Big(offset), Big(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public BigInteger[] ArrayBig(int length, long offset = 0) { var array = new BigInteger[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { array[i] = Big(offset); } return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public double Double() => double.Parse(String(), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public double Double(double offset) => Double() + offset; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (double, double) Double2(double offset = 0) => (Double(offset), Double(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (double, double, double) Double3(double offset = 0) => (Double(offset), Double(offset), Double(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (double, double, double, double) Double4(double offset = 0) => (Double(offset), Double(offset), Double(offset), Double(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (double, double, double, double, double) Double5(double offset = 0) => (Double(offset), Double(offset), Double(offset), Double(offset), Double(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public double[] ArrayDouble(int length, double offset = 0) { var array = new double[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { array[i] = Double(offset); } return array; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public decimal Decimal() => decimal.Parse(String(), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public decimal Decimal(decimal offset) => Decimal() + offset; [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (decimal, decimal) Decimal2(decimal offset = 0) => (Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (decimal, decimal, decimal) Decimal3(decimal offset = 0) => (Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (decimal, decimal, decimal, decimal) Decimal4(decimal offset = 0) => (Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public (decimal, decimal, decimal, decimal, decimal) Decimal5(decimal offset = 0) => (Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset), Decimal(offset)); [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] public decimal[] ArrayDecimal(int length, decimal offset = 0) { var array = new decimal[length]; for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) { array[i] = Decimal(offset); } return array; } private byte Read() { if (isEof_) { throw new EndOfStreamException(); } if (index_ >= length_) { index_ = 0; if ((length_ = stream_.Read(buf_, 0, BUFFER_SIZE)) <= 0) { isEof_ = true; return 0; } } return buf_[index_++]; } public void Save(string text) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(filePath_)) { return; } File.WriteAllText(filePath_ + "_output.txt", text); } } }