#include using namespace std; using ll = long long; #define all(a) begin(a), end(a) #define sz(x) (int)((x).size()) #ifdef LOCAL #include "debug.hpp" #else #define debug(...) 42 #endif template struct m32 { static_assert(mod < (1U << 31), "Modulus error!"); using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; using i64 = int64_t; u32 v = 0; template u32 norm(T v) { return static_cast((v %= mod) < 0 ? mod + v : v); } m32() = default; template m32(T _ = 0) : v(norm(_)) {} ~m32() = default; m32 &operator=(const int &rhs) { return v = norm(rhs), *this; } m32 operator-() const { return v == 0 ? m32(0) : m32(mod - v); } m32 &operator+=(const m32 &rhs) { v += rhs.v; if (v >= mod) v -= mod; return *this; } m32 &operator-=(const m32 &rhs) { if (v < rhs.v) v += mod; v -= rhs.v; return *this; } m32 &operator*=(const m32 &rhs) { v = (u64)v * rhs.v % mod; return *this; } m32 &operator/=(const m32 &rhs) { return *this *= rhs.inv(); } m32 operator+(const m32 &rhs) const { return m32(*this) += rhs; } m32 operator-(const m32 &rhs) const { return m32(*this) -= rhs; } m32 operator*(const m32 &rhs) const { return m32(*this) *= rhs; } m32 operator/(const m32 &rhs) const { return m32(*this) /= rhs; } bool operator==(const m32 &rhs) const { return rhs.v == v; } bool operator!=(const m32 &rhs) const { return rhs.v != v; } m32 pow(i64 n) const { m32 x(*this), res(1); for (; n > 0; n >>= 1, x *= x) { if (n & 1LL) res *= x; } return res; } m32 inv() const { assert(v != 0); return pow(mod - 2); } static u32 get_mod() { return mod; } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const m32 &m) { return os << m.v; } friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, m32 &m) { long long a; is >> a; m = m32(a); return is; } }; const int mod = 998244353; using mint = m32; template struct LazySegTree { private: int n, _log; vector val; vector laz; void _push(int t) { if (laz[t] == ue()) return; val[t << 1 | 0] = g(val[t << 1 | 0], laz[t]); val[t << 1 | 1] = g(val[t << 1 | 1], laz[t]); if ((t << 1) < n) { laz[t << 1 | 0] = h(laz[t << 1 | 0], laz[t]); laz[t << 1 | 1] = h(laz[t << 1 | 1], laz[t]); } return laz[t] = ue(), void(); } void _update(int t) { val[t] = f(val[t << 1 | 0], val[t << 1 | 1]); } void _apply(int t, const E &dif) { if (dif == ue()) return; val[t] = g(val[t], dif); if (t < n) laz[t] = h(laz[t], dif); } public: LazySegTree() = default; LazySegTree(const vector &v) { n = 1, _log = 0; while (n < (int)v.size()) n <<= 1, _log++; T ti = ut(); E ei = ue(); val.resize(n << 1, ti), laz.resize(n, ei); for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) val[i + n] = v[i]; for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) _update(i); } ~LazySegTree() = default; void update(int l, int r, const E &dif) { if (l == r) return; // update [l, r) l += n, r += n; for (int i = _log; i >= 1; i--) { if (((l >> i) << i) != l) _push(l >> i); if (((r >> i) << i) != r) _push((r - 1) >> i); } for (int a = l, b = r; a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) { if (a & 1) _apply(a++, dif); if (b & 1) _apply(--b, dif); } for (int i = 1; i <= _log; i++) { if (((l >> i) << i) != l) _update(l >> i); if (((r >> i) << i) != r) _update((r - 1) >> i); } } void set(int p, const T &dif) { p += n; for (int i = _log; i >= 1; i--) _push(p >> i); val[p] = dif; for (int i = 1; i <= _log; i++) _update(p >> i); } T get(int p) { p += n; for (int i = _log; i >= 1; i--) _push(p >> i); return val[p]; } T query(int l, int r) { if (l == r) return ut(); l += n, r += n; for (int i = _log; i >= 1; i--) { if (((l >> i) << i) != l) _push(l >> i); if (((r >> i) << i) != r) _push((r - 1) >> i); } T L = ut(), R = ut(); for (int a = l, b = r; a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) { if (a & 1) L = f(L, val[a++]); if (b & 1) R = f(val[--b], R); } return f(L, R); } }; namespace SegTreeUtil { // Utilization template T Merge_T(T a, T b) { return a + b; } template T Modify(T a, E b) { return a * b; } template E Merge_E(E a, E b) { return a * b; } template T Init_T() { return 0; } template E Init_E() { return 1; } template struct Tree : LazySegTree, Init_E, Merge_T, Modify, Merge_E> { using base = LazySegTree, Init_E, Merge_T, Modify, Merge_E>; Tree() = default; Tree(const vector &v) : base(v) {} ~Tree() = default; }; } // namespace SegTreeUtil using SegTreeUtil::Tree; void solve() { int n; cin >> n; vector a(n); for (int &x : a) cin >> x; vector p(n); iota(all(p), 0); sort(all(p), [&](const int &pa, const int &pb) { return a[pa] < a[pb]; }); vector _(n + 1, 1); Tree L(_), R(_); mint ans = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { mint l = L.query(0, p[i] + 1) / L.get(p[i] + 1); mint r = R.query(p[i] + 1, n + 1) / R.get(p[i]); ans += l * r * a[ p[i] ]; L.update(0, p[i] + 1, 2), R.update(p[i] + 1, n + 1, 2); } cout << ans << '\n'; } int main() { cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false); int T = 1; // cin >> T; while (T--) solve(); return 0; }