import sys,random,bisect from collections import deque,defaultdict from heapq import heapify,heappop,heappush from itertools import combinations, permutations from math import log,gcd input = lambda :sys.stdin.readline() mi = lambda :map(int,input().split()) li = lambda :list(mi()) def cmb(n, r, mod): if ( r<0 or r>n ): return 0 return (g1[n] * g2[r] % mod) * g2[n-r] % mod mod = 998244353 N = 2*10**5 g1 = [1]*(N+1) g2 = [1]*(N+1) inverse = [1]*(N+1) for i in range( 2, N + 1 ): g1[i]=( ( g1[i-1] * i ) % mod ) inverse[i]=( ( -inverse[mod % i] * (mod//i) ) % mod ) g2[i]=( (g2[i-1] * inverse[i]) % mod ) inverse[0]=0 _fft_mod = 998244353 _fft_imag = 911660635 _fft_iimag = 86583718 _fft_rate2 = (911660635, 509520358, 369330050, 332049552, 983190778, 123842337, 238493703, 975955924, 603855026, 856644456, 131300601, 842657263, 730768835, 942482514, 806263778, 151565301, 510815449, 503497456, 743006876, 741047443, 56250497, 867605899) _fft_irate2 = (86583718, 372528824, 373294451, 645684063, 112220581, 692852209, 155456985, 797128860, 90816748, 860285882, 927414960, 354738543, 109331171, 293255632, 535113200, 308540755, 121186627, 608385704, 438932459, 359477183, 824071951, 103369235) _fft_rate3 = (372528824, 337190230, 454590761, 816400692, 578227951, 180142363, 83780245, 6597683, 70046822, 623238099, 183021267, 402682409, 631680428, 344509872, 689220186, 365017329, 774342554, 729444058, 102986190, 128751033, 395565204) _fft_irate3 = (509520358, 929031873, 170256584, 839780419, 282974284, 395914482, 444904435, 72135471, 638914820, 66769500, 771127074, 985925487, 262319669, 262341272, 625870173, 768022760, 859816005, 914661783, 430819711, 272774365, 530924681) def _butterfly(a): n = len(a) h = (n - 1).bit_length() len_ = 0 while len_ < h: if h - len_ == 1: p = 1 << (h - len_ - 1) rot = 1 for s in range(1 << len_): offset = s << (h - len_) for i in range(p): l = a[i + offset] r = a[i + offset + p] * rot % _fft_mod a[i + offset] = (l + r) % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p] = (l - r) % _fft_mod if s + 1 != (1 << len_): rot *= _fft_rate2[(~s & -~s).bit_length() - 1] rot %= _fft_mod len_ += 1 else: p = 1 << (h - len_ - 2) rot = 1 for s in range(1 << len_): rot2 = rot * rot % _fft_mod rot3 = rot2 * rot % _fft_mod offset = s << (h - len_) for i in range(p): a0 = a[i + offset] a1 = a[i + offset + p] * rot a2 = a[i + offset + p * 2] * rot2 a3 = a[i + offset + p * 3] * rot3 a1na3imag = (a1 - a3) % _fft_mod * _fft_imag a[i + offset] = (a0 + a2 + a1 + a3) % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p] = (a0 + a2 - a1 - a3) % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p * 2] = (a0 - a2 + a1na3imag) % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p * 3] = (a0 - a2 - a1na3imag) % _fft_mod if s + 1 != (1 << len_): rot *= _fft_rate3[(~s & -~s).bit_length() - 1] rot %= _fft_mod len_ += 2 def _butterfly_inv(a): n = len(a) h = (n - 1).bit_length() len_ = h while len_: if len_ == 1: p = 1 << (h - len_) irot = 1 for s in range(1 << (len_ - 1)): offset = s << (h - len_ + 1) for i in range(p): l = a[i + offset] r = a[i + offset + p] a[i + offset] = (l + r) % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p] = (l - r) * irot % _fft_mod if s + 1 != (1 << (len_ - 1)): irot *= _fft_irate2[(~s & -~s).bit_length() - 1] irot %= _fft_mod len_ -= 1 else: p = 1 << (h - len_) irot = 1 for s in range(1 << (len_ - 2)): irot2 = irot * irot % _fft_mod irot3 = irot2 * irot % _fft_mod offset = s << (h - len_ + 2) for i in range(p): a0 = a[i + offset] a1 = a[i + offset + p] a2 = a[i + offset + p * 2] a3 = a[i + offset + p * 3] a2na3iimag = (a2 - a3) * _fft_iimag % _fft_mod a[i + offset] = (a0 + a1 + a2 + a3) % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p] = (a0 - a1 + a2na3iimag) * irot % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p * 2] = (a0 + a1 - a2 - a3) * irot2 % _fft_mod a[i + offset + p * 3] = (a0 - a1 - a2na3iimag) * irot3 % _fft_mod if s + 1 != (1 << (len_ - 1)): irot *= _fft_irate3[(~s & -~s).bit_length() - 1] irot %= _fft_mod len_ -= 2 def _convolution_naive(a, b): n = len(a) m = len(b) ans = [0] * (n + m - 1) if n < m: for j in range(m): for i in range(n): ans[i + j] = (ans[i + j] + a[i] * b[j]) % _fft_mod else: for i in range(n): for j in range(m): ans[i + j] = (ans[i + j] + a[i] * b[j]) % _fft_mod return ans def _convolution_fft(a, b): a = a.copy() b = b.copy() n = len(a) m = len(b) z = 1 << (n + m - 2).bit_length() a += [0] * (z - n) _butterfly(a) b += [0] * (z - m) _butterfly(b) for i in range(z): a[i] = a[i] * b[i] % _fft_mod _butterfly_inv(a) a = a[:n + m - 1] iz = pow(z, _fft_mod - 2, _fft_mod) for i in range(n + m - 1): a[i] = a[i] * iz % _fft_mod return a def _convolution_square(a): a = a.copy() n = len(a) z = 1 << (2 * n - 2).bit_length() a += [0] * (z - n) _butterfly(a) for i in range(z): a[i] = a[i] * a[i] % _fft_mod _butterfly_inv(a) a = a[:2 * n - 1] iz = pow(z, _fft_mod - 2, _fft_mod) for i in range(2 * n - 1): a[i] = a[i] * iz % _fft_mod return a def convolution(a, b): """It calculates (+, x) convolution in mod 998244353. Given two arrays a[0], a[1], ..., a[n - 1] and b[0], b[1], ..., b[m - 1], it calculates the array c of length n + m - 1, defined by > c[i] = sum(a[j] * b[i - j] for j in range(i + 1)) % 998244353. It returns an empty list if at least one of a and b are empty. Constraints ----------- > len(a) + len(b) <= 8388609 Complexity ---------- > O(n log n), where n = len(a) + len(b). """ n = len(a) m = len(b) if n == 0 or m == 0: return [] if min(n, m) <= 0: return _convolution_naive(a, b) if a is b: return _convolution_square(a) return _convolution_fft(a, b) def taylor_shift(f,a): g = [f[i]*g1[i]%mod for i in range(len(f))][::-1] e = [g2[i] for i in range(len(f))] t = 1 for i in range(1,len(f)): t = t * a % mod e[i] = e[i] * t % mod res = convolution(g,e)[:len(f)] return [res[len(f)-1-i]*g2[i]%mod for i in range(len(f))] N = 2000 dp = [[0]*(N+1) for i in range(N+1)] dp[0][0] = 1 for k in range(1,N+1): tmp = [0] + [pow(i,i,mod)*g2[i]%mod for i in range(1,N+1)] dp[k] = convolution(dp[k-1],tmp)[:N+1] def calc(N): f = [dp[N-k][N]*g1[N]*g2[N-k] % mod for k in range(N)] for k in range(N): if 0 <= 2*(N-k-2): f[k] = pow(N,2*(N-k-2),mod) * f[k] % mod else: f[k] = pow(inverse[N],2*(k+2-N),mod) * f[k] % mod f = [f[i]*g1[i] % mod for i in range(N)][::-1] g = convolution(f,[g2[i]*pow(-1,i,mod) for i in range(N)])[:N] g = g[::-1] g = [g[i]*g2[i]%mod for i in range(N)] return g ans = [[]] + [calc(i) for i in range(1,N+1)] for _ in range(int(input())): n,k = mi() print(ans[n][k])