#include #ifndef TEMP #define TEMP // clang-format off template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair &x) { return os << "(" << x.first << ", " << x.second << ")";} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector &vec) {os << '[';for (int _ = 0, __ = vec.size(); _ < __; _++) os << (_ ? ", " : "") << vec[_];return os << ']';} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::set &s) { os << '{'; int _ = 0; for (const auto &x : s) os << (_++ ? ", " : "") << x; return os << '}';} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::array &arr) { os << '[' << arr[0]; for (std::size_t _ = 1; _ < _Nm; _++) os << ", " << arr[_]; return os << ']';} template void print(std::ostream &os, const Tup &x, std::index_sequence) { using swallow = int[]; (void)swallow{(os << std::get(x) << ", ", 0)...};} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::tuple &x) { static constexpr std::size_t N = sizeof...(Args); os << "("; if constexpr (N >= 2) print(os, x, std::make_index_sequence()); return os << std::get(x) << ")";} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, std::int8_t x) {return os << (int)x;} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, std::uint8_t x) {return os << (int)x;} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const __int128_t &v) {if (v == 0) os << "0";__int128_t tmp = v < 0 ? (os << "-", -v) : v;std::string s;while (tmp) s += '0' + (tmp % 10), tmp /= 10;return std::reverse(s.begin(), s.end()), os << s;} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const __uint128_t &v) {if (v == 0) os << "0";__uint128_t tmp = v;std::string s;while (tmp) s += '0' + (tmp % 10), tmp /= 10;return std::reverse(s.begin(), s.end()), os << s;} #ifdef __LOCAL const std::string COLOR_RESET = "\033[0m", BRIGHT_GREEN = "\033[1;32m", BRIGHT_RED = "\033[1;31m", BRIGHT_CYAN = "\033[1;36m", NORMAL_CROSSED = "\033[0;9;37m", ITALIC = "\033[3m", BOLD = "\033[1m", RED_BACKGROUND = "\033[1;41m", NORMAL_FAINT = "\033[0;2m"; #define func_LINE_FILE NORMAL_FAINT << " in " << BOLD << __func__ << NORMAL_FAINT << ITALIC << " (L" << __LINE__ << ") " << __FILE__ << COLOR_RESET #define checkpoint() std::cerr << BRIGHT_RED << "< check point! >" << func_LINE_FILE << '\n' #define debug(x) std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = " << (x) << func_LINE_FILE << '\n' #define debugArray(x, n) do { std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = [" << x[0]; for (int _ = 1; _ < (int)(n); ++_) std::cerr << ", " << x[_]; std::cerr << "]" << func_LINE_FILE << '\n'; } while (0) #define debugMatrix(x, h, w) do { std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << "\n" << COLOR_RESET << "= "; for (int _ = 0; (_) < (int)(h); ++_) { std::cerr << ((_ ? " [" : "[[")); for (int __ = 0; __ < (int)(w); ++__) std::cerr << ((__ ? ", " : "")) << x[_][__]; std::cerr << "]" << (_ + 1 == (int)(h) ? "]" : ",\n"); } std::cerr << func_LINE_FILE << '\n'; } while (0) #else #define checkpoint() (void(0)) #define debug(x) (void(0)) #define debugArray(x, n) (void(0)) #define debugMatrix(x, h, w) (void(0)) #endif template auto compress(std::vector &v) { std::sort(v.begin(), v.end()); v.erase(std::unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end()); return [&v](T x) { return std::lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x) - v.begin(); };} struct ClosedSection { long long l, r; ClosedSection() : l(1), r(0) {} ClosedSection(long long l_, long long r_) : l(l_), r(r_) {} bool valid() { return l <= r; }}; /* closed [l,r] */ template ClosedSection bin_search(const Check &isok, long long l, long long r) { bool res_l = isok(l), res_r = isok(r); if (res_l && res_r) return ClosedSection(l, r); if (!res_l && !res_r) return ClosedSection(); long long lb = l, ub = r; for (long long x; ub - lb > 1;) (isok(x = (lb + ub) / 2) == res_l ? lb : ub) = x; return res_l ? ClosedSection(l, lb) : ClosedSection(ub, r);} template ClosedSection bin_search(const Check &isok, ClosedSection cs) { return cs.valid() ? bin_search(isok, cs.l, cs.r) : cs; } // clang-format on #endif constexpr std::uint64_t mul(std::uint64_t x, std::uint64_t y, std::uint64_t m) { return (__uint128_t)x * y % m; } template constexpr bool miller_rabin(std::uint64_t n) { const std::uint64_t s = __builtin_ctzll(n - 1), d = n >> s; for (auto a : {args...}) { std::uint64_t b = a % n, p = 1, i = s; for (std::uint64_t k = d, x = b;; x = mul(x, x, n)) if (k & 1 ? p = mul(p, x, n) : 0; !(k >>= 1)) break; while (p != 1 && p != n - 1 && b && i--) p = mul(p, p, n); if (p != n - 1 && i != s) return false; } return true; } constexpr bool is_prime(std::uint64_t n) { if (n < 2 || n % 6 % 4 != 1) return (n | 1) == 3; if (n < UINT_MAX) return miller_rabin<2, 7, 61>(n); return miller_rabin<2, 325, 9375, 28178, 450775, 9780504, 1795265022>(n); } template constexpr void bubble_sort(T *bg, T *ed) { for (int sz = ed - bg, i = 0; i < sz; i++) for (int j = sz; --j > i;) if (auto tmp = bg[j - 1]; bg[j - 1] > bg[j]) bg[j - 1] = bg[j], bg[j] = tmp; } template struct ConstexprArray { constexpr std::size_t size() const { return sz; } constexpr auto &operator[](int i) const { return dat[i]; } constexpr auto *begin() const { return dat; } constexpr auto *end() const { return dat + sz; } protected: T dat[_Nm] = {}; std::size_t sz = 0; }; class Factors : public ConstexprArray, 16> { static constexpr std::uint64_t rho(std::uint64_t n, std::uint64_t c) { auto f = [n, c](std::uint64_t x) { return ((__uint128_t)x * x + c) % n; }; std::uint64_t x = 1, y = 2, z = 1, q = 1, g = 1; const std::uint64_t m = 1LL << (std::__lg(n) / 5); for (std::uint64_t r = 1, i = 0; g == 1; r <<= 1) { for (x = y, i = r; i--;) y = f(y); for (std::uint64_t k = 0; k < r && g == 1; g = std::gcd(q, n), k += m) for (z = y, i = std::min(m, r - k); i--;) y = f(y), q = mul(q, (x > y ? x - y : y - x), n); } if (g == n) do { z = f(z), g = std::gcd((x > z ? x - z : z - x), n); } while (g == 1); return g; } static constexpr std::uint64_t find_prime_factor(std::uint64_t n) { if (is_prime(n)) return n; for (std::uint64_t i = 100, m = 0; i--; n = m) if (m = rho(n, i + 1); is_prime(m)) return m; return 0; } constexpr void init(std::uint64_t n) { for (std::uint64_t p = 2; p < 100 && p * p <= n; p++) if (n % p == 0) for (dat[sz++].first = p; n % p == 0;) n /= p, dat[sz - 1].second++; for (std::uint64_t p = 0; n > 1; dat[sz++].first = p) for (p = find_prime_factor(n); n % p == 0;) n /= p, dat[sz].second++; } public: constexpr Factors() = default; constexpr Factors(std::uint64_t n) { init(n), bubble_sort(dat, dat + sz); } }; constexpr std::uint64_t totient(const Factors &f) { std::uint64_t ret = 1, i = 0; for (const auto &[p, e] : f) for (ret *= p - 1, i = e; --i;) ret *= p; return ret; } constexpr auto totient(std::uint64_t n) { return totient(Factors(n)); } constexpr std::uint64_t primitive_root(std::uint64_t p) { if (assert(is_prime(p)); p == 2) return 1; auto f = Factors(p - 1); for (std::uint64_t ret = 2, pw = 0, x = 0, k = 0, ng = 0;; ret++) { for (auto [q, e] : f) { for (pw = 1, x = ret, k = (p - 1) / q;; x = mul(x, x, p)) if (k & 1 ? pw = mul(pw, x, p) : 0; !(k >>= 1)) break; if (ng = (pw == 1)) break; } if (!ng) return ret; } } namespace modint_internal { using namespace std; struct modint_base {}; struct sta_mint_base : modint_base {}; struct dyn_mint_base : modint_base {}; template constexpr bool is_modint_v = is_base_of_v; template constexpr bool is_staticmodint_v = is_base_of_v; template constexpr bool is_dynamicmodint_v = is_base_of_v; using u64 = uint64_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; template struct ModIntImpl { static constexpr inline auto modulo() { return D::mod; } constexpr D operator-() const { return D() -= (D &)*this; } constexpr D &operator/=(const D &r) { return (D &)*this *= r.inv(); } constexpr D operator+(const D &r) const { return D((D &)*this) += r; } constexpr D operator-(const D &r) const { return D((D &)*this) -= r; } constexpr D operator*(const D &r) const { return D((D &)*this) *= r; } constexpr D operator/(const D &r) const { return D((D &)*this) /= r; } constexpr bool operator!=(const D &r) const { return !((D &)*this == r); } constexpr D pow(u64 k) const { for (D ret(1), b((const D &)*this);; b *= b) if (k & 1 ? ret *= b : 0; !(k >>= 1)) return ret; } constexpr D inv() const { typename D::Int x = 1, y = 0, a = ((D *)this)->val(), b = D::mod; for (typename D::Int q = 0, z = 0, c = 0; b;) z = x, c = a, x = y, y = z - y * (q = a / b), a = b, b = c - b * q; return assert(a == 1), D(x); } constexpr bool operator<(const D &r) const { return ((D *)this)->val() < r.val(); } // for set or map friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const D &r) { return os << r.val(); } friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, D &r) { long long v; return is >> v, r = D(v), is; } }; template struct ModInt_Na : public B, public ModIntImpl> { using Int = typename B::Int; using DUint = conditional_t, u64, u128>; friend ModIntImpl>; constexpr ModInt_Na() = default; template , nullptr_t> = nullptr> constexpr ModInt_Na(T n) : ModInt_Na(n.val()) {} template , nullptr_t> = nullptr> constexpr ModInt_Na(T n) : x(n < 0 ? B::mod - ((-n) % B::mod) : n % B::mod) {} #define ASSIGN(m, p) return x m## = B::mod & -((x p## = r.x) >= B::mod), *this constexpr ModInt_Na &operator+=(const ModInt_Na &r) { ASSIGN(-, +); } constexpr ModInt_Na &operator-=(const ModInt_Na &r) { ASSIGN(+, -); } #undef ASSIGN constexpr ModInt_Na &operator*=(const ModInt_Na &r) { return x = (DUint)(x)*r.x % B::mod, *this; } constexpr bool operator==(const ModInt_Na &r) const { return x == r.x; } constexpr auto val() const { return x; } private: typename B::Uint x = 0; }; template struct ModInt_Mon : public B, public ModIntImpl> { using Int = int64_t; using mod_t = ModInt_Mon; friend ModIntImpl>; constexpr ModInt_Mon() = default; template , nullptr_t> = nullptr> constexpr ModInt_Mon(T n) : ModInt_Mon(n.val()) {} template , nullptr_t> = nullptr> constexpr ModInt_Mon(T n) : x(mul(n < 0 ? B::mod - ((-n) % B::mod) : n % B::mod, B::r2)) {} #define ASGN(op, a) return x op## = a, x += (B::mod << 1) & -(x >> 63), *this constexpr mod_t &operator+=(const mod_t &r) { ASGN(+, r.x - (B::mod << 1)); } constexpr mod_t &operator-=(const mod_t &r) { ASGN(-, r.x); } #undef ASGN constexpr mod_t &operator*=(const mod_t &r) { return x = mul(x, r.x), *this; } constexpr bool operator==(const mod_t &r) const { return norm() == r.norm(); } constexpr u64 val() const { u64 ret = reduce(x) - B::mod; return ret + (B::mod & -(ret >> 63)); } private: static constexpr inline u64 reduce(const u128 &w) { return u64(w >> 64) + B::mod - ((u128(u64(w) * B::iv) * B::mod) >> 64); } static constexpr inline u64 mul(u64 l, u64 r) { return reduce(u128(l) * r); } u64 x = 0; constexpr inline u64 norm() const { return x - (B::mod & -(x >= B::mod)); } }; constexpr u64 mul_inv(u64 n, int e = 6, u64 x = 1) { return e ? mul_inv(n, e - 1, x * (2 - x * n)) : x; } template struct StaticB_Na : sta_mint_base { protected: using Int = conditional_t < MOD < INT_MAX, int32_t, conditional_t>; using Uint = conditional_t < MOD < INT_MAX, uint32_t, conditional_t>; static constexpr Uint mod = MOD; }; template struct StaticB_Mon : sta_mint_base { protected: static_assert(MOD & 1); static constexpr u64 mod = MOD, iv = mul_inv(mod), r2 = -u128(mod) % mod; }; template struct DynamicB_Na : dyn_mint_base { static_assert(is_integral_v); static inline void set_mod(I m) { mod = m; } protected: using Int = I; using Uint = make_unsigned_t; static inline Uint mod; }; template struct DynamicB_Mon : dyn_mint_base { static inline void set_mod(u64 m) { assert(m & 1), iv = mul_inv(mod = m), r2 = -u128(m) % m; } protected: static inline u64 mod, iv, r2; }; template using StaticModInt = conditional_t>, ModInt_Na>>; struct Montgomery {}; template using DynamicModInt = conditional_t, ModInt_Mon>, ModInt_Na>>; } // namespace modint_internal using modint_internal::DynamicModInt, modint_internal::StaticModInt, modint_internal::Montgomery, modint_internal::is_dynamicmodint_v, modint_internal::is_modint_v, modint_internal::is_staticmodint_v; template mod_t get_inv(int n) { static_assert(is_modint_v); static const auto m = mod_t::modulo(); static mod_t dat[LIM]; static int l = 1; if (l == 1) dat[l++] = 1; while (l <= n) dat[l++] = dat[m % l] * (m - m / l); return dat[n]; } template inline Int inv_mod(Int a, Int mod) { Int x = 1, y = 0, b = mod; for (Int q = 0, z = 0, c = 0; b;) z = x, c = a, x = y, y = z - y * (q = a / b), a = b, b = c - b * q; return assert(a == 1), x < 0 ? mod - (-x) % mod : x % mod; } template mod_t peth_root(mod_t c, Int pi, int ei) { const Int p = mod_t::modulo(); int t = 0; Int s = p - 1, pe = 1; while (s % pi == 0) s /= pi, ++t; for (int i = ei; i--;) pe *= pi; Int u = inv_mod(pe - s % pe, pe); mod_t ONE = 1, z = c.pow((s * u + 1) / pe), zpe = c.pow(s * u); if (zpe == ONE) return z; assert(t > ei); Int ptm1 = 1; for (int i = t; --i;) ptm1 *= pi; mod_t vs, base; for (mod_t v = 2;; v += ONE) if (vs = v.pow(s), base = vs.pow(ptm1); base != ONE) break; std::unordered_map memo; int m = sqrt(pi * (t - ei)) + 1; mod_t x = 1, vspe = vs.pow(pe); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++, x *= base) memo.insert({x.val(), i}); x = mod_t(1) / x; for (int vs_e = ei, td; zpe != ONE;) { mod_t tmp = zpe, base_zpe = mod_t(1) / zpe; for (td = 0; tmp != ONE; td++) tmp = tmp.pow(pi); for (int e = t - td; vs_e != e; vs_e++) vs = vs.pow(pi), vspe = vspe.pow(pi); for (int i = td; --i;) base_zpe = base_zpe.pow(pi); for (Int i = 0, n;; base_zpe *= x, i++) if (auto it = memo.find(base_zpe.val()); it != memo.end()) { z *= vs.pow(n = i * m + it->second), zpe *= vspe.pow(n); break; } } return z; } template Int inner_kth_root(Int a, std::uint64_t k, Int p) { if (k == 0) return a == 1 ? a : -1; if (a <= 1 || k <= 1) return a; assert(p > 2); mod_t::set_mod(p); Int g = std::gcd(k, p - 1); mod_t ma = a; Int pp = (p - 1) / g, kk = (k / g) % pp; if (ma.pow(pp) != mod_t(1)) return -1; ma = ma.pow(inv_mod(kk, pp)); for (auto [pi, ei] : Factors(g)) ma = peth_root(ma, pi, ei); return ma.val(); } std::int64_t kth_root(std::int64_t a, std::uint64_t k, std::int64_t p) { if (a %= p; p < INT_MAX) return inner_kth_root>(a, k, p); else return inner_kth_root>(a, k, p); } using namespace std; namespace yosupo_kth_root { int main() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { int K, Y, P; cin >> K >> Y >> P; cout << kth_root(Y, K, P) << '\n'; } return 0; } } // namespace yosupo_kth_root namespace yukicoder981 { int main() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { std::int64_t p, k, a; cin >> p >> k >> a; cout << kth_root(a, k, p) << '\n'; } return 0; } } // namespace yukicoder981 signed main() { // yosupo_kth_root::main(); yukicoder981::main(); return 0; }