#include #ifndef TEMP #define TEMP // clang-format off template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair &x) { return os << "(" << x.first << ", " << x.second << ")";} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector &vec) {os << '[';for (int _ = 0, __ = vec.size(); _ < __; _++) os << (_ ? ", " : "") << vec[_];return os << ']';} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::set &s) { os << '{'; int _ = 0; for (const auto &x : s) os << (_++ ? ", " : "") << x; return os << '}';} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::array &arr) { os << '[' << arr[0]; for (std::size_t _ = 1; _ < _Nm; _++) os << ", " << arr[_]; return os << ']';} template void print(std::ostream &os, const Tup &x, std::index_sequence) { using swallow = int[]; (void)swallow{(os << std::get(x) << ", ", 0)...};} template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::tuple &x) { static constexpr std::size_t N = sizeof...(Args); os << "("; if constexpr (N >= 2) print(os, x, std::make_index_sequence()); return os << std::get(x) << ")";} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, std::int8_t x) {return os << (int)x;} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, std::uint8_t x) {return os << (int)x;} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const __int128_t &v) {if (v == 0) os << "0";__int128_t tmp = v < 0 ? (os << "-", -v) : v;std::string s;while (tmp) s += '0' + (tmp % 10), tmp /= 10;return std::reverse(s.begin(), s.end()), os << s;} std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const __uint128_t &v) {if (v == 0) os << "0";__uint128_t tmp = v;std::string s;while (tmp) s += '0' + (tmp % 10), tmp /= 10;return std::reverse(s.begin(), s.end()), os << s;} #ifdef __LOCAL const std::string COLOR_RESET = "\033[0m", BRIGHT_GREEN = "\033[1;32m", BRIGHT_RED = "\033[1;31m", BRIGHT_CYAN = "\033[1;36m", NORMAL_CROSSED = "\033[0;9;37m", ITALIC = "\033[3m", BOLD = "\033[1m", RED_BACKGROUND = "\033[1;41m", NORMAL_FAINT = "\033[0;2m"; #define func_LINE_FILE NORMAL_FAINT << " in " << BOLD << __func__ << NORMAL_FAINT << ITALIC << " (L" << __LINE__ << ") " << __FILE__ << COLOR_RESET #define checkpoint() std::cerr << BRIGHT_RED << "< check point! >" << func_LINE_FILE << '\n' #define debug(x) std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = " << (x) << func_LINE_FILE << '\n' #define debugArray(x, n) do { std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = [" << x[0]; for (int _ = 1; _ < (int)(n); ++_) std::cerr << ", " << x[_]; std::cerr << "]" << func_LINE_FILE << '\n'; } while (0) #define debugMatrix(x, h, w) do { std::cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << "\n" << COLOR_RESET << "= "; for (int _ = 0; (_) < (int)(h); ++_) { std::cerr << ((_ ? " [" : "[[")); for (int __ = 0; __ < (int)(w); ++__) std::cerr << ((__ ? ", " : "")) << x[_][__]; std::cerr << "]" << (_ + 1 == (int)(h) ? "]" : ",\n"); } std::cerr << func_LINE_FILE << '\n'; } while (0) #else #define checkpoint() (void(0)) #define debug(x) (void(0)) #define debugArray(x, n) (void(0)) #define debugMatrix(x, h, w) (void(0)) #endif template auto compress(std::vector &v) { std::sort(v.begin(), v.end()); v.erase(std::unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end()); return [&v](T x) { return std::lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x) - v.begin(); };} struct ClosedSection { long long l, r; ClosedSection() : l(1), r(0) {} ClosedSection(long long l_, long long r_) : l(l_), r(r_) {} bool valid() { return l <= r; }}; /* closed [l,r] */ template ClosedSection bin_search(const Check &isok, long long l, long long r) { bool res_l = isok(l), res_r = isok(r); if (res_l && res_r) return ClosedSection(l, r); if (!res_l && !res_r) return ClosedSection(); long long lb = l, ub = r; for (long long x; ub - lb > 1;) (isok(x = (lb + ub) / 2) == res_l ? lb : ub) = x; return res_l ? ClosedSection(l, lb) : ClosedSection(ub, r);} template ClosedSection bin_search(const Check &isok, ClosedSection cs) { return cs.valid() ? bin_search(isok, cs.l, cs.r) : cs; } // clang-format on #endif namespace math_internal { using namespace std; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; class MIntPro_Montg { const u64 mod, iv, r2; constexpr u64 inv(u64 n, int e = 6, u64 x = 1) { return e ? inv(n, e - 1, x * (2 - x * n)) : x; } constexpr u64 reduce(const u128 &w) const { return u64(w >> 64) + mod - ((u128(u64(w) * iv) * mod) >> 64); } public: constexpr MIntPro_Montg(u64 m) : mod(m), iv(inv(m)), r2(-u128(mod) % mod) {} constexpr u64 mul(u64 l, u64 r) const { return reduce(u128(l) * r); } #define BOP(op, a) return l op## = a, l += (mod << 1) & -(l >> 63) constexpr u64 plus(u64 l, u64 r) const { BOP(+, r - (mod << 1)); } constexpr u64 diff(u64 l, u64 r) const { BOP(-, r); } #undef BOP constexpr u64 set(u64 n) const { return mul(n, r2); } constexpr u64 get(u64 n) const { u64 ret = reduce(n) - mod; return ret + (mod & -(ret >> 63)); } constexpr u64 norm(u64 n) const { return n - (mod & -(n >= mod)); } constexpr u64 modulo() const { return mod; } }; template class MIntPro_Na { using DUint = conditional_t, u64, u128>; const Uint mod; public: constexpr MIntPro_Na(Uint m) : mod(m) {} constexpr Uint mul(Uint l, Uint r) const { return DUint(l) * r % mod; } #define BOP(m, p) return l m## = mod & -((l p## = r) >= mod) constexpr Uint plus(Uint l, Uint r) const { BOP(-, +); } constexpr Uint diff(Uint l, Uint r) const { BOP(+, -); } #undef BOP constexpr Uint set(Uint n) const { return n % mod; } constexpr Uint get(Uint n) const { return n; } constexpr Uint norm(Uint n) const { return n; } constexpr Uint modulo() const { return mod; } }; template constexpr Uint pow(Uint x, u64 k, const mod_pro_t &md) { for (Uint ret = md.set(1);; x = md.mul(x, x)) if (k & 1 ? ret = md.mul(ret, x) : 0; !(k >>= 1)) return ret; } } // namespace math_internal namespace math_internal { template constexpr bool miller_rabin(Uint n) { const mod_pro_t md(n); const Uint s = __builtin_ctzll(n - 1), d = n >> s, one = md.set(1), n1 = md.norm(md.set(n - 1)); for (auto a : {args...}) { Uint b = a % n, p = pow(md.set(b), d, md), i = s; while (p = md.norm(p), (p != one && p != n1 && b && i--)) p = md.mul(p, p); if (md.norm(p) != n1 && i != s) return false; } return true; } constexpr bool is_prime(u64 n) { if (n < 2 || n % 6 % 4 != 1) return (n | 1) == 3; if (n < UINT_MAX) return miller_rabin, 2, 7, 61>(n); if (n < LLONG_MAX) return miller_rabin(n); return miller_rabin, 2, 325, 9375, 28178, 450775, 9780504, 1795265022>(n); } } // namespace math_internal using math_internal::is_prime; namespace math_internal { template constexpr void bubble_sort(T *bg, T *ed) { for (int sz = ed - bg, i = 0; i < sz; i++) for (int j = sz; --j > i;) if (auto tmp = bg[j - 1]; bg[j - 1] > bg[j]) bg[j - 1] = bg[j], bg[j] = tmp; } template struct ConstexprArray { constexpr size_t size() const { return sz; } constexpr auto &operator[](int i) const { return dat[i]; } constexpr auto *begin() const { return dat; } constexpr auto *end() const { return dat + sz; } protected: T dat[_Nm] = {}; size_t sz = 0; }; class Factors : public ConstexprArray, 16> { template static constexpr Uint rho(Uint n, Uint c) { const mod_pro_t md(n); auto f = [&md, n, c](Uint x) { return md.plus(md.mul(x, x), c); }; const Uint m = 1LL << (__lg(n) / 5); Uint x = 1, y = md.set(2), z = 1, q = md.set(1), g = 1; for (Uint r = 1, i = 0; g == 1; r <<= 1) { for (x = y, i = r; i--;) y = f(y); for (Uint k = 0; k < r && g == 1; g = gcd(md.get(q), n), k += m) for (z = y, i = min(m, r - k); i--;) y = f(y), q = md.mul(q, md.diff(y, x)); } if (g == n) do { z = f(z), g = gcd(md.get(md.diff(z, x)), n); } while (g == 1); return g; } static constexpr u64 find_prime_factor(u64 n) { if (is_prime(n)) return n; for (u64 i = 100; i--;) if (n = n < UINT_MAX ? rho>(n, i + 1) : n < LLONG_MAX ? rho(n, i + 1) : rho>(n, i + 1); is_prime(n)) return n; return 0; } constexpr void init(u64 n) { for (u64 p = 2; p < 100 && p * p <= n; p++) if (n % p == 0) for (dat[sz++].first = p; n % p == 0;) n /= p, dat[sz - 1].second++; for (u64 p = 0; n > 1; dat[sz++].first = p) for (p = find_prime_factor(n); n % p == 0;) n /= p, dat[sz].second++; } public: constexpr Factors() = default; constexpr Factors(u64 n) { init(n), bubble_sort(dat, dat + sz); } }; template constexpr Uint inner_primitive_root(Uint p) { const mod_pro_t md(p); const auto f = Factors(p - 1); for (Uint ret = 2, one = md.set(1), pw = 0, x = 0, k = 0, ng = 0;; ret++) { for (auto [q, e] : f) if (ng = (md.norm(pow(md.set(ret), (p - 1) / q, md)) == one)) break; if (!ng) return ret; } } constexpr u64 primitive_root(u64 p) { if (assert(is_prime(p)); p == 2) return 1; if (p < UINT_MAX) return inner_primitive_root>(p); if (p < LLONG_MAX) return inner_primitive_root(p); return inner_primitive_root>(p); } } // namespace math_internal using math_internal::Factors, math_internal::primitive_root; constexpr std::uint64_t totient(const Factors &f) { std::uint64_t ret = 1, i = 0; for (const auto &[p, e] : f) for (ret *= p - 1, i = e; --i;) ret *= p; return ret; } constexpr auto totient(std::uint64_t n) { return totient(Factors(n)); } template constexpr inline Int mod_inv(Int a, Int mod) { static_assert(std::is_signed_v); Int x = 1, y = 0, b = mod; for (Int q = 0, z = 0, c = 0; b;) z = x, c = a, x = y, y = z - y * (q = a / b), a = b, b = c - b * q; return assert(a == 1), x < 0 ? mod - (-x) % mod : x % mod; } namespace math_internal { template Int peth_root(Int c, Int pi, int ei, const mod_pro_t md) { const Int p = md.modulo(); int t = 0; Int s = p - 1, pe = 1; while (s % pi == 0) s /= pi, ++t; for (int i = ei; i--;) pe *= pi; Int u = mod_inv(pe - s % pe, pe), ONE = md.set(1), z = pow(c, (s * u + 1) / pe, md), zpe = md.norm(pow(c, s * u, md)); if (zpe == ONE) return z; Int ptm1 = 1, vs, base; for (int i = t; --i;) ptm1 *= pi; for (Int v = md.set(2);; v = md.plus(v, ONE)) if (vs = pow(v, s, md), base = md.norm(pow(vs, ptm1, md)); base != ONE) break; int size = 1 << std::__lg(int(std::sqrt(pi)) + 1), mask = size - 1, os[size + 1] = {}; std::pair vec[size]; Int x = ONE, vspe = pow(vs, pe, md); for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i, x = md.mul(x, base)) os[md.norm(x) & mask]++; for (int i = 1; i < size; ++i) os[i] += os[i - 1]; x = ONE, os[size] = size; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i, x = md.norm(md.mul(x, base))) vec[--os[x & mask]] = {x, i}; for (int vs_e = ei, td; zpe != ONE;) { Int tmp = zpe; for (td = 0; tmp != ONE; td++) tmp = md.norm(pow(base = tmp, pi, md)); for (int e = t - td; vs_e != e; vs_e++) vs = pow(vs, pi, md), vspe = pow(vspe, pi, md); for (int tt = 0, upd = 1, n; upd; tt += size, base = md.norm(md.mul(base, x))) for (int m = (base & mask), i = os[m]; i < os[m + 1]; i++) if (base == vec[i].first) { if (n = tt - vec[i].second; n < 0) n += pi; z = md.mul(z, pow(vs, n, md)), zpe = md.norm(md.mul(zpe, pow(vspe, n, md))), upd = false; break; } } return z; } template Int inner_kth_root(Int a, u64 k, Int p) { if (k == 0) return a == 1 ? a : -1; if (a <= 1 || k <= 1) return a; const mod_pro_t md(p); Int g = std::gcd(k, p - 1), ma = md.set(a); Int pp = (p - 1) / g, kk = (k / g) % pp; if (md.norm(pow(ma, pp, md)) != md.set(1)) return -1; ma = pow(ma, mod_inv(kk, pp), md); for (auto [pi, ei] : Factors(g)) ma = peth_root(ma, pi, ei, md); return md.get(ma); } std::int64_t mod_kth_root(std::int64_t a, u64 k, std::int64_t p) { if (a %= p; p < INT_MAX) return inner_kth_root>(a, k, p); return inner_kth_root(a, k, p); } } // namespace math_internal using math_internal::mod_kth_root; using namespace std; namespace yosupo_kth_root { int main() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { int K, Y, P; cin >> K >> Y >> P; cout << mod_kth_root(Y, K, P) << '\n'; } return 0; } } // namespace yosupo_kth_root namespace yukicoder981 { int main() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { std::int64_t p, k, a; cin >> p >> k >> a; cout << mod_kth_root(a, k, p) << '\n'; } return 0; } } // namespace yukicoder981 signed main() { // yosupo_kth_root::main(); yukicoder981::main(); return 0; }