T = gets.to_i

T.times do
  n, m = gets.split.map(&:to_i)

  if n < m
    if 2 * n - 1 < m
      pp 'C'
      puts (n - 1) * (3 + n + 1) / 2
    else
      r = m - n
      l = n - r
      puts (r - 1) * (3 + r + 1) / 2 + l / 2
    end
  else
    if m.even?
      puts (m - 1) / 2 + 1
    else
      puts m / 2
    end
  end
end