import std.conv, std.functional, std.range, std.stdio, std.string; import std.algorithm, std.array, std.bigint, std.bitmanip, std.complex, std.container, std.math, std.mathspecial, std.numeric, std.regex, std.typecons; import core.bitop; class EOFException : Throwable { this() { super("EOF"); } } string[] tokens; string readToken() { for (; tokens.empty; ) { if (stdin.eof) { throw new EOFException; } tokens = readln.split; } auto token = tokens.front; tokens.popFront; return token; } int readInt() { return readToken.to!int; } long readLong() { return readToken.to!long; } real readReal() { return readToken.to!real; } bool chmin(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t > f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } bool chmax(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t < f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } int binarySearch(alias pred, T)(in T[] as) { int lo = -1, hi = cast(int)(as.length); for (; lo + 1 < hi; ) { const mid = (lo + hi) >> 1; (unaryFun!pred(as[mid]) ? hi : lo) = mid; } return hi; } int lowerBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a >= val)); } int upperBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a > val)); } struct ModInt(uint M_) { import std.conv : to; alias M = M_; uint x; this(ModInt a) { x = a.x; } this(uint x_) { x = x_ % M; } this(ulong x_) { x = cast(uint)(x_ % M); } this(int x_) { x = ((x_ %= cast(int)(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + cast(int)(M)) : x_; } this(long x_) { x = cast(uint)(((x_ %= cast(long)(M)) < 0) ? (x_ + cast(long)(M)) : x_); } ref ModInt opAssign(T)(inout(T) a) if (is(T == uint) || is(T == ulong) || is(T == int) || is(T == long)) { return this = ModInt(a); } ref ModInt opOpAssign(string op, T)(T a) { static if (is(T == ModInt)) { static if (op == "+") { x = ((x += a.x) >= M) ? (x - M) : x; } else static if (op == "-") { x = ((x -= a.x) >= M) ? (x + M) : x; } else static if (op == "*") { x = cast(uint)((cast(ulong)(x) * a.x) % M); } else static if (op == "/") { this *= a.inv(); } else static assert(false); return this; } else static if (op == "^^") { if (a < 0) return this = inv()^^(-a); ModInt b = this, c = 1U; for (long e = a; e; e >>= 1) { if (e & 1) c *= b; b *= b; } return this = c; } else { return mixin("this " ~ op ~ "= ModInt(a)"); } } ModInt inv() const { uint a = M, b = x; int y = 0, z = 1; for (; b; ) { const q = a / b; const c = a - q * b; a = b; b = c; const w = y - cast(int)(q) * z; y = z; z = w; } assert(a == 1); return ModInt(y); } ModInt opUnary(string op)() const { static if (op == "+") { return this; } else static if (op == "-") { ModInt a; a.x = x ? (M - x) : 0U; return a; } else static assert(false); } ModInt opBinary(string op, T)(T a) const { return mixin("ModInt(this) " ~ op ~ "= a"); } ModInt opBinaryRight(string op, T)(T a) const { return mixin("ModInt(a) " ~ op ~ "= this"); } bool opCast(T: bool)() const { return (x != 0U); } string toString() const { return x.to!string; } } enum MO = 998244353; alias Mint = ModInt!MO; enum LIM_INV = 2 * 10^^5 + 10; Mint[] inv, fac, invFac; void prepare() { inv = new Mint[LIM_INV]; fac = new Mint[LIM_INV]; invFac = new Mint[LIM_INV]; inv[1] = 1; foreach (i; 2 .. LIM_INV) { inv[i] = -((Mint.M / i) * inv[cast(size_t)(Mint.M % i)]); } fac[0] = invFac[0] = 1; foreach (i; 1 .. LIM_INV) { fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i; invFac[i] = invFac[i - 1] * inv[i]; } } Mint binom(long n, long k) { if (n < 0) { if (k >= 0) { return (-1)^^(k & 1) * binom(-n + k - 1, k); } else if (n - k >= 0) { return (-1)^^((n - k) & 1) * binom(-k - 1, n - k); } else { return Mint(0); } } else { if (0 <= k && k <= n) { assert(n < LIM_INV); return fac[cast(size_t)(n)] * invFac[cast(size_t)(k)] * invFac[cast(size_t)(n - k)]; } else { return Mint(0); } } } int root(int[] uf, int u) { return (uf[u] < 0) ? u : (uf[u] = uf.root(uf[u])); } bool connect(int[] uf, int u, int v) { u = uf.root(u); v = uf.root(v); if (u == v) return false; if (uf[u] > uf[v]) swap(u, v); uf[u] += uf[v]; uf[v] = u; return true; } int stressEasy(int H, int W) { bool[][][] as; auto a = new bool[][](H, W); void init() { foreach (x; 0 .. H) a[x][] = false; } void add() { auto aa = new bool[][](H, W); foreach (x; 0 .. H) aa[x][] = a[x][]; as ~= aa; } bool check() { auto uf = new int[H * W]; uf[] = -1; foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (a[x][y]) { if (a[(x + 1) % H][y]) uf.connect(x * W + y, ((x + 1) % H) * W + y); if (a[x][(y + 1) % W]) uf.connect(x * W + y, x * W + ((y + 1) % W)); } int numComps; foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (a[x][y]) { if (uf[x * W + y] < 0) ++numComps; } if (numComps != 1) return false; uf[] = -1; foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (a[x][y]) { if (a[(x + 1) % H][y]) uf.connect(x * W + y, ((x + 1) % H) * W + y); } foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (a[x][y]) { if (-uf[uf.root(x * W + y)] != 3) return false; } uf[] = -1; foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (a[x][y]) { if (a[x][(y + 1) % W]) uf.connect(x * W + y, x * W + ((y + 1) % W)); } foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (a[x][y]) { if (-uf[uf.root(x * W + y)] != 3) return false; } void revX() { foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (x < H - 1 - x) { swap(a[x][y], a[H - 1 - x][y]); } } void revY() { foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (y < W - 1 - y) { swap(a[x][y], a[x][W - 1 - y]); } } add; revX; add; revY; add; revX; add; revY; return true; } foreach (x0; 0 .. H) foreach (y0; 0 .. W) { init; foreach (i; 0 .. 3) foreach (j; 0 .. 3) { a[(x0 + i) % H][(y0 + j) % W] = true; } check; } foreach (x0; 0 .. H) foreach (y0; 0 .. W) { init; foreach (i; 0 .. H * W) foreach (j; 0 .. 3) { a[(x0 + i) % H][(y0 + i + j) % W] = true; } check; } foreach (x0; 0 .. H) foreach (y0; 0 .. W) { init; foreach (i; 0 .. 3 * H * W) foreach (j; 0 .. 3) { a[(x0 + i) % H][(y0 + i / 3 * 3 + [0, 0, 1][i % 3] + j) % W] = true; } check; } foreach (x0; 0 .. H) foreach (y0; 0 .. W) { init; foreach (i; 0 .. H) foreach (j; 0 .. W) if ([1, 3, 0, 2][i % 4] != j % 4) { a[(x0 + i) % H][(y0 + j) % W] = true; } check; } return cast(int)(as.sort.uniq.array.length); } int[][] getCompositions(int n) { int[][] ret; void dfs(int m, int[] ps) { if (m == 0) { ret ~= ps.dup; } else { for (int p = 5; p <= m; p += 3) { dfs(m - p, ps ~ p); } } } dfs(n, []); return ret; } int stressHard(int H, int W) { const N = gcd(H, W); const pss = getCompositions(N / 2); int[][][] as; foreach (ps; pss) foreach (qs; pss) { bool check() { const psLen = cast(int)(ps.length); const qsLen = cast(int)(qs.length); auto psSum = new int[psLen + 1]; auto qsSum = new int[qsLen + 1]; foreach (i; 0 .. psLen) psSum[i + 1] = psSum[i] + ps[i]; foreach (j; 0 .. qsLen) qsSum[j + 1] = qsSum[j] + qs[j]; auto a = new int[][](H, W); foreach (x; 0 .. H) a[x][] = -1; foreach (s; 0 .. 2 * (H / N) * (W / N) + 1) foreach (t; 0 .. 2 * (H / N) * (W / N) + 1) { foreach (i; 0 .. psLen + 1) foreach (j; 0 .. qsLen + 1) { const x = ((((N / 2) * s + psSum[i]) - ((N / 2) * t + qsSum[j])) % H + H) % H; const y = ((((N / 2) * s + psSum[i]) + ((N / 2) * t + qsSum[j])) % W + W) % W; const color = ((s * psLen + i) + (t * qsLen + j)) & 1; if (!~a[x][y]) a[x][y] = color; if (a[x][y] != color) return false; } } foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (~a[x][y]) { foreach (dx; -5 .. +5 + 1) foreach (dy; -5 .. +5 + 1) if (abs(dx) < 5 || abs(dy) < 5) { const xx = ((x + dx) % H + H) % H; const yy = ((y + dy) % W + W) % W; if (!(x == xx && y == yy)) { if (~a[xx][yy]) return false; } } } foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) if (~a[x][y]) { foreach (dx; [+1, -1]) foreach (dy; [+1, -1]) { for (int k = 1; ; ++k) { const xx = ((x + dx * k) % H + H) % H; const yy = ((y + dy * k) % W + W) % W; if (~a[xx][yy]) { if (a[x][y] == a[xx][yy]) return false; if (!(k >= 5 && (k - 5) % 3 == 0)) return false; break; } } } } debug { writefln("stressHard(%s, %s)", H, W); writefln("ps = %s, qs = %s", ps, qs); foreach (x; 0 .. H) { foreach (y; 0 .. W) { write(".01"[a[x][y] + 1]); } writeln; } } foreach (x0; 0 .. H) foreach (y0; 0 .. W) { auto aa = new int[][](H, W); foreach (x; 0 .. H) foreach (y; 0 .. W) { aa[(x0 + x) % H][(y0 + y) % W] = a[x][y]; } as ~= aa; } return true; } check; } return cast(int)(as.sort.uniq.array.length); } Mint easy(int H, int W, int N) { Mint ans; ans += Mint(H) * Mint(W); if (N >= 4) { ans += 2 * Mint(N); } if ((H % 3 == 0 || W % 3 == 0) && N >= 5) { ans += 12 * Mint(N); } if (H % 4 == 0 && W % 4 == 0) { ans += 16; } return ans; } Mint hard(int N) { Mint ans; if (N % 2 == 0) { Mint[2] sums; foreach (k; 1 .. N / 10 + 1) if ((N / 2 - 5 * k) % 3 == 0) { sums[k & 1] += inv[k] * binom((N / 2 - 5 * k) / 3 + k - 1, k - 1); } static foreach (s; 0 .. 2) { ans += (N * sums[s])^^2; } } return ans; } Mint solve(int H, int W) { const N = gcd(H, W); Mint ans; ans += easy(H, W, N); ans += hard(N); return ans; } void main() { prepare; /* debug {{ enum lim = 40; foreach (H; 4 .. lim + 1) foreach (W; 4 .. lim + 1) { const str = stressEasy(H, W); const eas = easy(H, W, gcd(H, W)); assert(str == eas.x, format("%s %s: %s %s", H, W, str, eas)); writefln("DONE H = %s, W = %s", H, W); stdout.flush; } }} //*/ /* debug {{ enum lim = 50; foreach (H; 4 .. lim + 1) foreach (W; 4 .. lim + 1) { const str = stressHard(H, W); const har = hard(gcd(H, W)); assert(str == har.x, format("%s %s: %s %s", H, W, str, har)); writefln("DONE H = %s, W = %s", H, W); stdout.flush; } }} //*/ try { for (; ; ) { const numCases = readInt; foreach (caseId; 0 .. numCases) { const H = readInt; const W = readInt; const ans = solve(H, W); writeln(ans); } } } catch (EOFException e) { } }