#include // clang-format off using namespace std; using ll=long long; using ull=unsigned long long; using pll=pair; const ll INF=4e18; void print0(){}; template void print0(H h,T... t){cout<void print(H h,T... t){print0(h);if(sizeof...(T)>0)print0(" ");print(t...);} void perr0(){}; template void perr0(H h,T... t){cerr<void perr(H h,T... t){perr0(h);if(sizeof...(T)>0)perr0(" ");perr(t...);} void ioinit() { cout<> mat; matrix(ll r, ll c) { row = r; col = c; mat = vector>(r, vector(c)); } void set(ll r, ll c, T v) { mat[r][c] = v; } void setvec(vector>& v) { mat = v; } T get(ll r, ll c) { return mat[r][c]; } matrix add(matrix& rhs) { auto result = matrix(row, col); for (ll i = 0; i < row; i++) { for (ll j = 0; j < col; j++) { result.mat[i][j] = (mat[i][j] + rhs.mat[i][j]) % MODULO; } } return result; } matrix mult(matrix& rhs) { /* S行*T列 * T行*U列 => S行*U列 [ 1 2 3 [ 10 [1*10+2*30+3*50 [220 4 5 6] * 30 = 4*10+5*30+6*50] = 490 ] 50 ] O(STU) とくに正方行列なら O(S^3) */ ll s = row; ll t = col; ll u = rhs.col; assert(rhs.row == t); auto result = matrix(s, u); for (ll i = 0; i < s; i++) { for (ll j = 0; j < u; j++) { for (ll k = 0; k < t; k++) { result.mat[i][j] = (result.mat[i][j] + mat[i][k] * rhs.mat[k][j]) % MODULO; } } } return result; } matrix matpow(ll n) { // O(S^3 logN) assert(row == col); if (n == 0) { return unit(row); } auto half = matpow(n / 2); auto result = half.mult(half); if (n % 2) { result = result.mult(*this); } return result; } matrix unit(ll n) { auto u = matrix(n, n); for (ll i = 0; i < n; i++) { u.set(i, i, 1); } return u; } }; int main() { ioinit(); ll N; cin >> N; vector tbl = {0, 0, 1, 2}; if (N < tbl.size()) { print(tbl[N]); return 0; } auto mat = matrix(2, 2); mat.set(0, 0, 1); mat.set(0, 1, 1); mat.set(1, 0, 1); mat.set(1, 1, 0); auto fib = mat.matpow(N); ll ans = fib.get(0, 0) - 1; if (ans < 0) ans += MODULO; print(ans); return 0; }