#pragma region template #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #include using namespace std; using ll=long long; using ld=long double; using vi=vector; using vll=vector; using pi=pair; using pll=pair; #define overload2(a,b,c,...) c #define overload3(a,b,c,d,...) d #define overload4(a,b,c,d,e,...) e #define overload5(a,b,c,d,e,f,...) f #define TYPE1(T) template #define TYPE2(T,U) template #define TYPE(...) overload2(__VA_ARGS__,TYPE2,TYPE1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define TYPES1(T) template #define TYPES2(H,T) template #define TYPES(...) overload2(__VA_ARGS__,TYPES2,TYPES1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define REP4(i,s,n,d) for(int i=(s);i<(n);i+=(d)) #define REP3(i,s,n) REP4(i,s,n,1) #define REP2(i,n) REP3(i,0,n) #define REP1(n) REP2(tomato,n) #define REP(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__,REP4,REP3,REP2,REP1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define RREP4(i,n,s,d) for(int i=(n)-1;i>=s;i-=d) #define RREP3(i,n,s) RREP4(i,n,s,1) #define RREP2(i,n) RREP3(i,n,0) #define RREP1(n) RREP2(tomato,n) #define RREP(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__,RREP4,RREP3,RREP2,RREP1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define FOR4(a,b,c,d,v) for(auto [a,b,c,d]:v) #define FOR3(a,b,c,v) for(auto [a,b,c]:v) #define FOR2(a,b,v) for(auto [a,b]:v) #define FOR1(a,v) for(auto a:v) #define FOR(...) overload5(__VA_ARGS__,FOR4,FOR3,FOR2,FOR1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define AFOR4(a,b,c,d,v) for(auto&[a,b,c,d]:v) #define AFOR3(a,b,c,v) for(auto&[a,b,c]:v) #define AFOR2(a,b,v) for(auto&[a,b]:v) #define AFOR1(a,v) for(auto&a:v) #define AFOR(...) overload5(__VA_ARGS__,AFOR4,AFOR3,AFOR2,AFOR1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define CFOR4(a,b,c,d,v) for(const auto&[a,b,c,d]:v) #define CFOR3(a,b,c,v) for(const auto&[a,b,c]:v) #define CFOR2(a,b,v) for(const auto&[a,b]:v) #define CFOR1(a,v) for(const auto&a:v) #define CFOR(...) overload5(__VA_ARGS__,CFOR4,CFOR3,CFOR2,CFOR1)(__VA_ARGS__) #define ALL(v) v.begin(),v.end() #define RALL(v) v.rbegin(),v.rend() #define SORT(v) sort(ALL(v)) #define RSORT(v) sort(RALL(v)) #define REVERSE(v) reverse(ALL(v)) #define UNIQUE(v) SORT(v),v.erase(unique(ALL(v)),v.end()) TYPES(T) void input(T&... a){ (cin>>...>>a); } #define DECLARE(T,...) T __VA_ARGS__;input(__VA_ARGS__); #define INT(...) DECLARE(int,__VA_ARGS__) #define STR(...) DECLARE(string,__VA_ARGS__) #define LL(...) DECLARE(long long,__VA_ARGS__) #define CHR(...) DECLARE(char,__VA_ARGS__) #define DBL(...) DECLARE(double,__VA_ARGS__) #define VI(n,v) vi v(n);cin>>v; #define VLL(n,v) vll v(n);cin>>v; TYPE(T) istream&operator>>(istream&is,vector&v){ for(auto&a:v)cin>>a; return is; } TYPE(T) ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,const vector&v){ if(&os==&cerr)os<<"["; REP(i,v.size()){ os<>(istream&is,pair&p){ cin>>p.first>>p.second; return is; } #ifdef __LOCAL #include #else #define debug(...) void(0) #endif void print(){ cout << '\n'; } TYPES(T,Ts) void print(const T& a,const Ts&... b){ cout<; TYPE(T) using pqg=priority_queue,greater>; TYPE(T) T pick(queue& que){assert(que.size()); T a=que.front();que.pop();return a;} TYPE(T) T pick(pq& que){assert(que.size()); T a=que.top();que.pop();return a;} TYPE(T) T pick(pqg& que){assert(que.size()); T a=que.top();que.pop();return a;} TYPE(T) T pick(stack& sta){assert(sta.size()); T a=sta.top();sta.pop();return a;} string YES(bool f=true){return (f?"YES":"NO");} string Yes(bool f=true){return (f?"Yes":"No");} string yes(bool f=true){return (f?"yes":"no");} constexpr int INF=1e9+7; constexpr ll LINF=ll(1e18)+7; constexpr ld EPS=1e-10; vi iota(int n){vi a(n);iota(ALL(a),0);return a;} TYPE(T) vector> query_sort(const vector&v){ vector> res(v.size()); REP(i,v.size())res[i]={v[i],i}; SORT(res); return res; } TYPE(T) T rev(T a){ REVERSE(a);return a; } TYPE(T) void fin(T a){cout<b&&(a=b,true));} TYPES(T,Ns) auto make_vector(T x,int n,Ns ...ns){ if constexpr(sizeof...(ns)==0)return vector(n,x); else return vector(n,make_vector(x,ns...)); } bool in(const ll S,const int a){return (S>>a)&1;} int popcount(const ll S){return __builtin_popcountll(S);} #pragma endregion template #include #include using namespace atcoder; using mint=modint998244353; ostream& operator<<(ostream &os,mint a){os<>(istream &is,mint &a){ long long b;is>>b;a=b; return is; } #define REP_(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++) #define REP2_(i,s,n) for(int i=(s);i<(n);i++) template struct Matrix{ using value_type=K; using vec=vector; using mat=vector; size_t r,c; mat M; Matrix(size_t r,size_t c):r(r),c(c),M(r,vec(c,K())){} Matrix(mat A):M(A),r(A.size()),c(A[0].size()){} vec& operator[](size_t k){return M[k];} const vec& operator[](size_t k)const{return M[k];} Matrix& operator+=(const Matrix &A){ assert(r==A.r&&c==A.c); REP_(i,r)REP_(j,c)M[i][j]+=A[i][j]; return *this; } Matrix& operator-=(const Matrix &A){ assert(r==A.r&&c==A.c); REP_(i,r)REP_(j,c)M[i][j]+=A[i][j]; return *this; } Matrix operator+(const Matrix &A){ return Matrix(M)+=A; } Matrix operator-(const Matrix &A){ return Matrix(M)-=A; } friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix &A,const Matrix &B){ assert(A.c==B.r); Matrix res(A.r,B.c); REP_(i,A.r)REP_(k,A.c)REP_(j,B.c)res[i][j]+=A[i][k]*B[k][j]; return res; } Matrix& operator*=(const Matrix &A){ M=((*this)*A).M; return *this; } bool operator==(const Matrix &A){ if(r!=A.r||c!=A.c)return false; REP_(i,r)REP_(j,c)if(M[i][j]!=A[i][j])return false; return true; } bool operator!=(const Matrix &A){ return !((*this)==A); } static Matrix I(size_t n){ Matrix res(n,n); REP_(i,n)res[i][i]=K(1); return res; } Matrix pow(long long n)const{ assert(n>=0&&r==c); Matrix A(M),res=I(r); while(n){ if(n&1)res*=A; A*=A; n>>=1; } return res; } pair GaussJordan(){ int rnk=0,cnt=0; REP_(k,c){ if(M[rnk][k]==0) REP2_(i,rnk+1,r) if(M[i][k]!=0){ swap(M[i],M[rnk]); cnt^=1; break; } if(M[rnk][k]==0)continue; REP_(i,r)if(i!=rnk){ K x=M[i][k]/M[rnk][k]; REP_(j,c)M[i][j]-=M[rnk][j]*x; } if(++rnk==r)break; } return {rnk,cnt}; } K det()const{ assert(r==c); Matrix A(M); const auto&[rnk,cnt]=A.GaussJordan(); if(rnk!=r)return 0; K res=1; REP_(i,r)res*=A[i][i]; return (cnt?-res:res); } optional inv()const{ assert(r==c); Matrix A(r,c+c); REP_(i,r)REP_(j,c)A[i][j]=M[i][j]; REP_(i,r)REP_(j,c)A[i][c+j]=K(i==j); A.GaussJordan(); REP_(i,r)if(A[i][i]==0)return nullopt; Matrix res(r,c); REP_(i,r)REP_(j,c)res[i][j]=A[i][c+j]/A[i][i]; return res; } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const Matrix &M){ os<>(istream&is,Matrix &M){ REP_(i,M.r)REP_(j,M.c)is>>M.M[i][j]; return is; } }; #undef REP_ #undef REP2_ using M=Matrix; int main(){ ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); LL(n); M m(2,2); m[0][0]=m[0][1]=m[1][0]=1; m=m.pow(n-1); cout<< m[0][0]+m[0][1]-1 <