#include #include #include using namespace std; typedef long long ll; const ll MOD = 998244353; struct mint { int val; mint() : val(0) {} mint(long long v) : val(v) { if (abs(val) >= MOD) { val %= MOD; } if (val < 0) { val += MOD; } } mint &operator++() { val++; if (val == MOD) { val = 0; } return *this; } mint &operator--() { if (val == 0) { val = MOD; } val--; return *this; } mint &operator+=(const mint &x) { val += x.val; if (val >= MOD) { val -= MOD; } return *this; } mint &operator-=(const mint &x) { val -= x.val; if (val < 0) { val += MOD; } return *this; } mint &operator*=(const mint &x) { val = (int)((long long)val * x.val % MOD); return *this; } mint &operator/=(const mint &x) { *this *= x.inv(); return *this; } mint operator-() { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const { mint x = 1, r = *this; while (n) { if (n & 1) { x *= r; } r *= r; n >>= 1; } return x; } mint inv() const { return pow(MOD - 2); } friend mint operator+(const mint &x, const mint &y) { return mint(x) += y; } friend mint operator-(const mint &x, const mint &y) { return mint(x) -= y; } friend mint operator*(const mint &x, const mint &y) { return mint(x) *= y; } friend mint operator/(const mint &x, const mint &y) { return mint(x) /= y; } friend bool operator==(const mint &x, const mint &y) { return x.val == y.val; } friend bool operator!=(const mint &x, const mint &y) { return x.val != y.val; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const mint &x) { return os << x.val; } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, mint &x) { int v; is >> v; x = mint(v); return is; } }; template struct Matrix { int n, m; std::vector> a; Matrix() {} Matrix(int n, int m) : n(n), m(m), a(n, std::vector(m)) {} Matrix(int n) : n(n), m(n), a(n, std::vector(n)) {} static Matrix I(int n) { Matrix res(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { res[i][i] = 1; } return res; } Matrix &operator+=(const Matrix &b) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { (*this)[i][j] += b[i][j]; } } return *this; } Matrix &operator-=(const Matrix &b) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { (*this)[i][j] -= b[i][j]; } } return *this; } Matrix &operator*=(const Matrix &b) { assert(m == b.n); std::vector> c(n, std::vector(b.m)); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < b.m; j++) { for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) { c[i][j] += (*this)[i][k] * b[k][j]; } } } m = b.m; a.swap(c); return *this; } Matrix &operator^=(long long k) { Matrix b = Matrix::I(n); while (k) { if (k & 1) { b *= *this; } *this *= *this; k >>= 1; } a.swap(b.a); return *this; } Matrix operator+(const Matrix &a) { return (Matrix(*this) += a); } Matrix operator-(const Matrix &a) { return (Matrix(*this) -= a); } Matrix operator*(const Matrix &a) { return (Matrix(*this) *= a); } Matrix operator^(const Matrix &a) { return (Matrix(*this) ^= a); } const std::vector &operator[](int i) const { return a[i]; } vector &operator[](int i) { return a[i]; } }; int main() { ll n; cin >> n; Matrix a(2); a[0][0] = a[0][1] = a[1][0] = 1; a ^= n; cout << a[0][0] - 1 << endl; }