#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int T;
    cin >> T;
    while (T--) {
        long long L, R;
        cin >> L >> R;
        long long a = 0;
        while (R > 0) {
            long long l = sqrt(L) + 1e-9;
            long long r = sqrt(R) + 1e-9;
            if (l*l != L) l++;

            a += (r+1)/2 - l/2;
            L = L%2 ? L/2+1 : L/2;
            R /= 2;
        }
        cout << a % 2 << endl;
    }
}