package contest230106; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.function.IntUnaryOperator; import java.util.function.LongUnaryOperator; public class G3 { InputStream is; FastWriter out; String INPUT = ""; public void solve() { long L = nl(), R = nl(); int mod = ni(); // i < mod and n-(i+1) < modのときだけ非0 // i+1 > n-mod // n-mod-1 < i < mod // n-mod < mod // n < 2*mod // n^2*(n-1)^2*..*(n-i+1)^2 * (i+1)^2*...*n^2 // ------------------------------------------- // 1^2*2^2*...n^2 // n^2*(n-1)^2*..*(n-i+1)^2 // ------------------------------------------- // 1^2*2^2*...i^2 // C(n,i)^2 // sum_n sum_{i=1}^{n-1} C(n,i)^2 = (2n)!/(n!)^2-2 // (2n)(2n-1)(2n-2)...(n+1) // ------------------------- // n..........1 CombinationGeneralMultipleSmall cgm = new CombinationGeneralMultipleSmall(mod); long ans = -2*(R-L+1); long s = 0; for(int i = 0;i < R-L+1;i++){ long n = L+i; // long val = cgm.C(2*n, n); long val = cgm.Center(n); s += val; } ans += s; ans %= mod; if(ans < 0)ans += mod; out.println(ans); } public static class CombinationGeneralMultipleSmall { int[][] f; long[][] pesmap; int[] qmap; public CombinationGeneralMultipleSmall(int mod) { int[] primes = sieveEratosthenes((int)Math.sqrt(mod)); f = factor(mod, primes); pesmap = new long[1000001][]; qmap = new int[1000001]; for(int[] u : f){ int P = u[0], e = u[1]; int Q = (int)Math.pow(P, e); long[] pes = new long[Q]; pes[0] = 1; for(int i = 1;i < Q;i++){ if(i % P == 0){ pes[i] = pes[i-1]; }else{ pes[i] = pes[i-1] * i % Q; } } pesmap[P] = pes; qmap[P] = Q; } } public long C(long n, long m) { if(m < 0 || m > n)return 0L; long[] divs = new long[f.length]; long[] mods = new long[f.length]; for(int i = 0;i < f.length;i++){ divs[i] = qmap[f[i][0]]; mods[i] = C(n, m, f[i][0], f[i][1]); } return crt(divs, mods); } private long C(long n, long m, int P, int e) { if(m < 0 || m > n)return 0L; long pe = 0; int mod = 1; long num = 1; long den = 1; for(int i = 0;i < e;i++)mod *= P; for(long x = n;x > 0;x /= P){ num = num * F(x, P, e) % mod; pe += x/P; } for(long x = m;x > 0;x /= P){ den = den * F(x, P, e) % mod; pe -= x/P; } for(long x = n-m;x > 0;x /= P){ den = den * F(x, P, e) % mod; pe -= x/P; } if(pe >= e)return 0L; num = num * invl(den, mod) % mod; for(int i = 0;i < pe;i++){ num = num * P % mod; } // System.err.println(Arrays.toString(new long[]{n, m, P, e, num})); return num; } public long Center(long n) { long[] divs = new long[f.length]; long[] mods = new long[f.length]; for(int i = 0;i < f.length;i++){ divs[i] = qmap[f[i][0]]; mods[i] = Center(n, f[i][0], f[i][1]); } return crt(divs, mods); } private long Center(long n, int P, int e) { long pe = 0; int mod = 1; long num = 1; long den = 1; for(int i = 0;i < e;i++)mod *= P; for(long x = 2*n;x > 0;x /= P){ num = num * F(x, P, e) % mod; pe += x/P; } long minus = 0; for(long x = n;x > 0;x /= P){ den = den * F(x, P, e) % mod; minus += x/P; } pe -= 2*minus; den = den * den % mod; if(pe >= e)return 0L; num = num * invl(den, mod) % mod; for(int i = 0;i < pe;i++){ num = num * P % mod; } return num; } public static long crt(final long[] divs, final long[] mods) { if(divs.length == 0)return 0L; long div = divs[0]; long mod = mods[0]; for(int i = 1;i < divs.length;i++){ long[] apr = exgcd(div, divs[i]); if((mods[i] - mod) % apr[0] != 0)return -1; long ndiv = div / apr[0] * divs[i]; mod += ((mods[i]-mod)*apr[1]%divs[i]) * (div/apr[0]); div = ndiv; } mod %= div; if(mod < 0)mod += div; return mod; } public static long[] exgcd(long a, long b) { if(a == 0 || b == 0)return null; int as = Long.signum(a); int bs = Long.signum(b); a = Math.abs(a); b = Math.abs(b); long p = 1, q = 0, r = 0, s = 1; while(b > 0){ long c = a / b; long d; d = a; a = b; b = d % b; d = p; p = q; q = d - c * q; d = r; r = s; s = d - c * s; } return new long[]{a, p * as, r * bs}; } public long FNaive(int n, int P, int e) { long mod = 1; for(int i = 0;i < e;i++)mod = mod * P; long ret = 1; for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++){ if(i % P == 0)continue; ret = ret * i % mod; } return ret; } public long F(long n, int P, int e) { int mod = qmap[P]; long[] pes = pesmap[P]; assert pes[mod-1] == 1 || pes[mod-1] == mod-1; long ret = pes[(int)(n%mod)]; if(pes[mod-1] == mod-1 && n/mod%2 == 1){ ret = mod-ret; if(ret >= mod)ret -= mod; } return ret; } public static long pow(long a, long n, long mod) { // a %= mod; long ret = 1; int x = 63 - Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(n); for (; x >= 0; x--) { ret = ret * ret % mod; if (n << 63 - x < 0) ret = ret * a % mod; } return ret; } public static long invl(long a, long mod) { long b = mod; long p = 1, q = 0; while (b > 0) { long c = a / b; long d; d = a; a = b; b = d % b; d = p; p = q; q = d - c * q; } return p < 0 ? p + mod : p; } public static int[][] factor(int n, int[] primes) { int[][] ret = new int[9][2]; int rp = 0; for(int p : primes){ if(p * p > n)break; int i; for(i = 0;n % p == 0;n /= p, i++); if(i > 0){ ret[rp][0] = p; ret[rp][1] = i; rp++; } } if(n != 1){ ret[rp][0] = n; ret[rp][1] = 1; rp++; } return Arrays.copyOf(ret, rp); } public static int[] sieveEratosthenes(int n) { if (n <= 32) { int[] primes = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31}; for (int i = 0; i < primes.length; i++) { if (n < primes[i]) { return Arrays.copyOf(primes, i); } } return primes; } int u = n + 32; double lu = Math.log(u); int[] ret = new int[(int) (u / lu + u / lu / lu * 1.5)]; ret[0] = 2; int pos = 1; int[] isnp = new int[(n + 1) / 32 / 2 + 1]; int sup = (n + 1) / 32 / 2 + 1; int[] tprimes = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31}; for (int tp : tprimes) { ret[pos++] = tp; int[] ptn = new int[tp]; for (int i = (tp - 3) / 2; i < tp << 5; i += tp) ptn[i >> 5] |= 1 << (i & 31); for (int j = 0; j < sup; j += tp) { for (int i = 0; i < tp && i + j < sup; i++) { isnp[j + i] |= ptn[i]; } } } // 3,5,7 // 2x+3=n int[] magic = {0, 1, 23, 2, 29, 24, 19, 3, 30, 27, 25, 11, 20, 8, 4, 13, 31, 22, 28, 18, 26, 10, 7, 12, 21, 17, 9, 6, 16, 5, 15, 14}; int h = n / 2; for (int i = 0; i < sup; i++) { for (int j = ~isnp[i]; j != 0; j &= j - 1) { int pp = i << 5 | magic[(j & -j) * 0x076be629 >>> 27]; int p = 2 * pp + 3; if (p > n) break; ret[pos++] = p; if ((long) p * p > n) continue; for (int q = (p * p - 3) / 2; q <= h; q += p) isnp[q >> 5] |= 1 << q; } } return Arrays.copyOf(ret, pos); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new G3().run(); } public void run() { long S = System.currentTimeMillis(); is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes()); out = new FastWriter(System.out); solve(); out.flush(); long G = System.currentTimeMillis(); tr(G-S+"ms"); // Thread t = new Thread(null, null, "~", Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()){ // @Override // public void run() { // long s = System.currentTimeMillis(); // solve(); // out.flush(); // if(!INPUT.isEmpty())tr(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms"); // } // }; // t.start(); // t.join(); } private boolean eof() { if(lenbuf == -1)return true; int lptr = ptrbuf; while(lptr < lenbuf)if(!isSpaceChar(inbuf[lptr++]))return false; try { is.mark(1000); while(true){ int b = is.read(); if(b == -1){ is.reset(); return true; }else if(!isSpaceChar(b)){ is.reset(); return false; } } } catch (IOException e) { return true; } } private final byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024]; public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0; private int readByte() { if(lenbuf == -1)throw new InputMismatchException(); if(ptrbuf >= lenbuf){ ptrbuf = 0; try { lenbuf = is.read(inbuf); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); } if(lenbuf <= 0)return -1; } return inbuf[ptrbuf++]; } private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126); } // private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 32 && c <= 126); } private int skip() { int b; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)); return b; } private double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(ns()); } private char nc() { return (char)skip(); } private String ns() { int b = skip(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while(!(isSpaceChar(b))){ sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte(); } return sb.toString(); } private char[] ns(int n) { char[] buf = new char[n]; int b = skip(), p = 0; while(p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))){ buf[p++] = (char)b; b = readByte(); } return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p); } private char[][] nm(int n, int m) { char[][] map = new char[n][]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = ns(m); return map; } private int[][] nmi(int n, int m) { int[][] map = new int[n][]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = na(m); return map; } private int[] na(int n) { int[] a = new int[n]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = ni(); return a; } private long[] nal(int n) { long[] a = new long[n]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = nl(); return a; } private int ni() { int num = 0, b; boolean minus = false; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')); if(b == '-'){ minus = true; b = readByte(); } while(true){ if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){ num = num * 10 + (b - '0'); }else{ return minus ? -num : num; } b = readByte(); } } private long nl() { long num = 0; int b; boolean minus = false; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')); if(b == '-'){ minus = true; b = readByte(); } while(true){ if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){ num = num * 10 + (b - '0'); }else{ return minus ? -num : num; } b = readByte(); } } public static class FastWriter { private static final int BUF_SIZE = 1<<13; private final byte[] buf = new byte[BUF_SIZE]; private final OutputStream out; private int ptr = 0; private FastWriter(){out = null;} public FastWriter(OutputStream os) { this.out = os; } public FastWriter(String path) { try { this.out = new FileOutputStream(path); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException("FastWriter"); } } public FastWriter write(byte b) { buf[ptr++] = b; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); return this; } public FastWriter write(char c) { return write((byte)c); } public FastWriter write(char[] s) { for(char c : s){ buf[ptr++] = (byte)c; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); } return this; } public FastWriter write(String s) { s.chars().forEach(c -> { buf[ptr++] = (byte)c; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); }); return this; } private static int countDigits(int l) { if (l >= 1000000000) return 10; if (l >= 100000000) return 9; if (l >= 10000000) return 8; if (l >= 1000000) return 7; if (l >= 100000) return 6; if (l >= 10000) return 5; if (l >= 1000) return 4; if (l >= 100) return 3; if (l >= 10) return 2; return 1; } public FastWriter write(int x) { if(x == Integer.MIN_VALUE){ return write((long)x); } if(ptr + 12 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); if(x < 0){ write((byte)'-'); x = -x; } int d = countDigits(x); for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){ buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10); x /= 10; } ptr += d; return this; } private static int countDigits(long l) { if (l >= 1000000000000000000L) return 19; if (l >= 100000000000000000L) return 18; if (l >= 10000000000000000L) return 17; if (l >= 1000000000000000L) return 16; if (l >= 100000000000000L) return 15; if (l >= 10000000000000L) return 14; if (l >= 1000000000000L) return 13; if (l >= 100000000000L) return 12; if (l >= 10000000000L) return 11; if (l >= 1000000000L) return 10; if (l >= 100000000L) return 9; if (l >= 10000000L) return 8; if (l >= 1000000L) return 7; if (l >= 100000L) return 6; if (l >= 10000L) return 5; if (l >= 1000L) return 4; if (l >= 100L) return 3; if (l >= 10L) return 2; return 1; } public FastWriter write(long x) { if(x == Long.MIN_VALUE){ return write("" + x); } if(ptr + 21 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); if(x < 0){ write((byte)'-'); x = -x; } int d = countDigits(x); for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){ buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10); x /= 10; } ptr += d; return this; } public FastWriter write(double x, int precision) { if(x < 0){ write('-'); x = -x; } x += Math.pow(10, -precision)/2; // if(x < 0){ x = 0; } write((long)x).write("."); x -= (long)x; for(int i = 0;i < precision;i++){ x *= 10; write((char)('0'+(int)x)); x -= (int)x; } return this; } public FastWriter writeln(char c){ return write(c).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(int x){ return write(x).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(long x){ return write(x).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(double x, int precision){ return write(x, precision).writeln(); } public FastWriter write(int... xs) { boolean first = true; for(int x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(x); } return this; } public FastWriter write(long... xs) { boolean first = true; for(long x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(x); } return this; } public FastWriter write(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { boolean first = true; for(int x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(f.applyAsInt(x)); } return this; } public FastWriter write(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { boolean first = true; for(long x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(f.applyAsLong(x)); } return this; } public FastWriter writeln() { return write((byte)'\n'); } public FastWriter writeln(int... xs) { return write(xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(long... xs) { return write(xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return write(f, xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return write(f, xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(char[] line) { return write(line).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(char[]... map) { for(char[] line : map)write(line).writeln();return this; } public FastWriter writeln(String s) { return write(s).writeln(); } private void innerflush() { try { out.write(buf, 0, ptr); ptr = 0; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("innerflush"); } } public void flush() { innerflush(); try { out.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("flush"); } } public FastWriter print(byte b) { return write(b); } public FastWriter print(char c) { return write(c); } public FastWriter print(char[] s) { return write(s); } public FastWriter print(String s) { return write(s); } public FastWriter print(int x) { return write(x); } public FastWriter print(long x) { return write(x); } public FastWriter print(double x, int precision) { return write(x, precision); } public FastWriter println(char c){ return writeln(c); } public FastWriter println(int x){ return writeln(x); } public FastWriter println(long x){ return writeln(x); } public FastWriter println(double x, int precision){ return writeln(x, precision); } public FastWriter print(int... xs) { return write(xs); } public FastWriter print(long... xs) { return write(xs); } public FastWriter print(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return write(f, xs); } public FastWriter print(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return write(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(int... xs) { return writeln(xs); } public FastWriter println(long... xs) { return writeln(xs); } public FastWriter println(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return writeln(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return writeln(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(char[] line) { return writeln(line); } public FastWriter println(char[]... map) { return writeln(map); } public FastWriter println(String s) { return writeln(s); } public FastWriter println() { return writeln(); } } public static void trnz(int... o) { for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++)if(o[i] != 0)System.out.print(i+":"+o[i]+" "); System.out.println(); } // print ids which are 1 public static void trt(long... o) { Queue stands = new ArrayDeque<>(); for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++){ for(long x = o[i];x != 0;x &= x-1)stands.add(i<<6|Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(x)); } System.out.println(stands); } public static void tf(boolean... r) { for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.'); System.out.println(); } public static void tf(boolean[]... b) { for(boolean[] r : b) { for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.'); System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } public void tf(long[]... b) { if(INPUT.length() != 0) { for (long[] r : b) { for (long x : r) { for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.'); } } System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } } public void tf(long... b) { if(INPUT.length() != 0) { for (long x : b) { for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.'); } } System.out.println(); } } private void tr(Object... o) { if(INPUT.length() != 0)System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); } }