#include using namespace std; using ll = long long; template struct prime_modint { using mint = prime_modint; unsigned int v; prime_modint() : v(0) {} prime_modint(int a) { a %= (int)(MOD); if(a < 0)a += MOD; v = a; } prime_modint(long long a) { a %= (int)(MOD); if(a < 0)a += MOD; v = a; } static constexpr int mod() { return MOD; } mint& operator++() {v++; if(v == MOD)v = 0; return *this;} mint& operator--() {if(v == 0)v = MOD; v--; return *this;} mint operator++(int) { mint result = *this; ++*this; return result; } mint operator--(int) { mint result = *this; --*this; return result; } mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) { v += rhs.v; if(v >= MOD) v -= MOD; return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) { if(v < rhs.v) v += MOD; v -= rhs.v; return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) { v = (unsigned int)((unsigned long long)(v) * rhs.v % MOD); return *this; } mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } mint operator+() const { return *this; } mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const { assert(0 <= n); mint r = 1, x = *this; while (n) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; } mint inv() const { assert(v); return pow(MOD - 2); } friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) += rhs; } friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) -= rhs; } friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) *= rhs; } friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return mint(lhs) /= rhs; } friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return (lhs.v == rhs.v); } friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) { return (lhs.v != rhs.v); } friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream &os, const mint& rhs) noexcept { return os << rhs.v; } }; using mint = prime_modint<1000000007>; //using mint = prime_modint<998244353>; struct dsu { public: int csz; dsu() : _n(0) {} dsu(int n) : _n(n), csz(n), parent_or_size(n, -1) {} int merge(int a, int b) { assert(0 <= a && a < _n); assert(0 <= b && b < _n); int x = leader(a), y = leader(b); if (x == y) return x; if (-parent_or_size[x] < -parent_or_size[y]) std::swap(x, y); csz--; parent_or_size[x] += parent_or_size[y]; parent_or_size[y] = x; return x; } bool same(int a, int b) { assert(0 <= a && a < _n); assert(0 <= b && b < _n); return leader(a) == leader(b); } int leader(int a) { assert(0 <= a && a < _n); if (parent_or_size[a] < 0) return a; return parent_or_size[a] = leader(parent_or_size[a]); } int size(int a) { assert(0 <= a && a < _n); return -parent_or_size[leader(a)]; } std::vector> groups() { std::vector leader_buf(_n), group_size(_n); for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { leader_buf[i] = leader(i); group_size[leader_buf[i]]++; } std::vector> result(_n); for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { result[i].reserve(group_size[i]); } for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { result[leader_buf[i]].push_back(i); } result.erase( std::remove_if(result.begin(), result.end(), [&](const std::vector& v) { return v.empty(); }), result.end()); return result; } private: int _n; // root node: -1 * component size // otherwise: parent std::vector parent_or_size; }; int main(){ ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); int n; cin >> n; vector a(n); dsu uf(2 * n); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ cin >> a[i]; uf.merge(i, a[i] + n); } auto G = uf.groups(); vector dp(G.size() + 1), fact(n + 1); dp[0] = fact[0] = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)fact[i] = i * fact[i - 1]; for(auto &&vec:G){ if(vec.size() == 1)continue; for(int i = G.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--){ dp[i + 1] += dp[i] * int(vec.size() - 1); } } mint ans; for(int i = 0; i <= G.size(); i++){ ans += (i & 1 ? -1 : 1) * dp[i] * fact[n - i]; } cout << ans << '\n'; }