#line 1 "Main.cpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <atcoder/modint>
#line 3 "nachia\\math\\combination.hpp"

namespace nachia{

template<class Modint>
class Comb{
private:
    std::vector<Modint> F;
    std::vector<Modint> iF;
public:
    void extend(int newN){
        int prevN = (int)F.size() - 1;
        if(prevN >= newN) return;
        F.resize(newN+1);
        iF.resize(newN+1);
        for(int i=prevN+1; i<=newN; i++) F[i] = F[i-1] * Modint::raw(i);
        iF[newN] = F[newN].inv();
        for(int i=newN; i>prevN; i--) iF[i-1] = iF[i] * Modint::raw(i);
    }
    Comb(int n = 1){
        F.assign(2, Modint(1));
        iF.assign(2, Modint(1));
        extend(n);
    }
    Modint factorial(int n) const { return F[n]; }
    Modint invFactorial(int n) const { return iF[n]; }
    Modint invOf(int n) const { return iF[n] * F[n-1]; }
    Modint comb(int n, int r) const {
        if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
        return F[n] * iF[r] * iF[n-r];
    }
    Modint invComb(int n, int r) const {
        if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
        return iF[n] * F[r] * F[n-r];
    }
    Modint perm(int n, int r) const {
        if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
        return F[n] * iF[n-r];
    }
    Modint invPerm(int n, int r) const {
        if(n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return Modint(0);
        return iF[n] * F[n-r];
    }
    Modint operator()(int n, int r) const { return comb(n,r); }
};

} // namespace nachia
#line 7 "Main.cpp"
using namespace std;
using i32 = int;
using u32 = unsigned int;
using i64 = long long;
using u64 = unsigned long long;
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(int)(n); i++)
const i64 INF = 1001001001001001001;

using Modint = atcoder::static_modint<998244353>;

int main(){
    nachia::Comb<Modint> C(300000);
    vector<vector<Modint>> X(401);
    rep(i,X.size()){
        vector<Modint> tmp;
        tmp.push_back(i?1:0);
        for(int j=1; j<=200000; j++) tmp.push_back(tmp.back() + tmp.back() - C(j,i*500-1));
        X[i] = std::move(tmp);
    }
    auto eval = [&](int n, int m) -> Modint {
        int f = m / 500 * 500;
        Modint x = X[f/500][n];
        for(int k=f; k<m; k++) x += C(n,k);
        return x;
    };
    
    int T; cin >> T;
    rep(t,T){
        int N,M; cin >> N >> M;
        Modint ans = eval(N-1,M) * (Modint(2).pow(N)-1);
        cout << ans.val() << '\n';
    }
    return 0;
}



struct ios_do_not_sync{
    ios_do_not_sync(){
        ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
        cin.tie(nullptr);
    }
} ios_do_not_sync_instance;