#include<bits/stdc++.h>
namespace {
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
#include<atcoder/all>
#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wunused-function"
using namespace std;
using namespace atcoder;
#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)(n); i++)
#define rrep(i,n) for(int i = (int)(n) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define all(x) begin(x), end(x)
#define rall(x) rbegin(x), rend(x)
template<class T> bool chmax(T& a, const T& b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } else return false; }
template<class T> bool chmin(T& a, const T& b) { if (b < a) { a = b; return true; } else return false; }
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<int,int>;
using VI = vector<int>;
using VVI = vector<VI>;
using VL = vector<ll>;
using VVL = vector<VL>;
using mint = modint998244353;

} int main() {
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(0);
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  vector<mint> p2(n), inv2(n);
  p2[0] = 1;
  rep(i, n - 1) p2[i+1] = p2[i] * 2;
  inv2[n - 1] = p2[n - 1].inv();
  rrep(i, n - 1) inv2[i] = inv2[i + 1] * 2;
  fenwick_tree<mint> ft(n), ft2(n);
  mint ans;
  mint sm;
  rep(i, n) {
    int p;
    cin >> p;
    p--;
    ans += ft2.sum(p, n);
    sm += ft.sum(p, n) * inv2[i];
    ft.add(p, p2[i]);
    ft2.add(p, 1);
  }
  ans -= sm;
  ans *= p2[n - 1];
  cout << ans.val() << '\n';
}