from typing import Callable, Generic, List, TypeVar T = TypeVar("T") class Rerooting(Generic[T]): __slots__ = ("adjList", "_n", "_decrement") def __init__(self, n: int, decrement: int = 0): self.adjList = [[] for _ in range(n)] self._n = n self._decrement = decrement def addEdge(self, u: int, v: int) -> None: u -= self._decrement v -= self._decrement self.adjList[u].append(v) self.adjList[v].append(u) def rerooting( self, e: Callable[[int], T], op: Callable[[T, T], T], composition: Callable[[T, int, int, int], T], root=0, ) -> List["T"]: root -= self._decrement assert 0 <= root < self._n parents = [-1] * self._n order = [root] stack = [root] while stack: cur = stack.pop() for next in self.adjList[cur]: if next == parents[cur]: continue parents[next] = cur order.append(next) stack.append(next) dp1 = [e(i) for i in range(self._n)] dp2 = [e(i) for i in range(self._n)] for cur in order[::-1]: res = e(cur) for next in self.adjList[cur]: if parents[cur] == next: continue dp2[next] = res res = op(res, composition(dp1[next], cur, next, 0)) res = e(cur) for next in self.adjList[cur][::-1]: if parents[cur] == next: continue dp2[next] = op(res, dp2[next]) res = op(res, composition(dp1[next], cur, next, 0)) dp1[cur] = res for newRoot in order[1:]: parent = parents[newRoot] dp2[newRoot] = composition(op(dp2[newRoot], dp2[parent]), parent, newRoot, 1) dp1[newRoot] = op(dp1[newRoot], dp2[newRoot]) return dp1 if __name__ == "__main__": n = int(input()) edges = [] for _ in range(n - 1): u, v = map(int, input().split()) edges.append((u - 1, v - 1)) E = int # 当前节点是否构成子树的最大匹配, 0: 不参与, 1: 参与 def e(root: int) -> E: return 0 def op(childRes1: E, childRes2: E) -> E: return childRes1 | childRes2 def composition(fromRes: E, parent: int, cur: int, direction: int) -> E: """direction: 0: cur -> parent, 1: parent -> cur""" return fromRes ^ 1 # 孩子参与匹配则父亲不参与, 反之成立 R = Rerooting(n) for u, v in edges: R.addEdge(u, v) dp = R.rerooting(e=e, op=op, composition=composition, root=0) res = [i for i in range(n) if dp[i] == 0] print(len(res)) for i in res: print(i + 1)