#pragma GCC optimize("O3") #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops") #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; //#define int long long typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ul; typedef unsigned int ui; //ll mod = 1; constexpr ll mod = 998244353; //constexpr ll mod = 1000000007; const ll INF = mod * mod; typedef pairP; #define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i=0;i--) #define Rep(i,sta,n) for(int i=sta;i=1;i--) #define Rep1(i,sta,n) for(int i=sta;i<=n;i++) #define all(v) (v).begin(),(v).end() typedef pair LP; using ld = long double; typedef pair LDP; const ld eps = 1e-2; const ld pi = acosl(-1.0); template void chmin(T& a, T b) { a = min(a, b); } template void chmax(T& a, T b) { a = max(a, b); } template vector vmerge(vector& a, vector& b) { vector res; int ida = 0, idb = 0; while (ida < a.size() || idb < b.size()) { if (idb == b.size()) { res.push_back(a[ida]); ida++; } else if (ida == a.size()) { res.push_back(b[idb]); idb++; } else { if (a[ida] < b[idb]) { res.push_back(a[ida]); ida++; } else { res.push_back(b[idb]); idb++; } } } return res; } template void cinarray(vector& v) { rep(i, v.size())cin >> v[i]; } template void coutarray(vector& v) { rep(i, v.size()) { if (i > 0)cout << " "; cout << v[i]; } cout << "\n"; } ll mod_pow(ll x, ll n, ll m = mod) { if (n < 0) { ll res = mod_pow(x, -n, m); return mod_pow(res, m - 2, m); } if (abs(x) >= m)x %= m; if (x < 0)x += m; //if (x == 0)return 0; ll res = 1; while (n) { if (n & 1)res = res * x % m; x = x * x % m; n >>= 1; } return res; } //mod should be <2^31 struct modint { int n; modint() :n(0) { ; } modint(ll m) { if (m < 0 || mod <= m) { m %= mod; if (m < 0)m += mod; } n = m; } operator int() { return n; } }; bool operator==(modint a, modint b) { return a.n == b.n; } bool operator<(modint a, modint b) { return a.n < b.n; } modint operator+=(modint& a, modint b) { a.n += b.n; if (a.n >= mod)a.n -= (int)mod; return a; } modint operator-=(modint& a, modint b) { a.n -= b.n; if (a.n < 0)a.n += (int)mod; return a; } modint operator*=(modint& a, modint b) { a.n = ((ll)a.n * b.n) % mod; return a; } modint operator+(modint a, modint b) { return a += b; } modint operator-(modint a, modint b) { return a -= b; } modint operator*(modint a, modint b) { return a *= b; } modint operator^(modint a, ll n) { if (n == 0)return modint(1); modint res = (a * a) ^ (n / 2); if (n % 2)res = res * a; return res; } ll inv(ll a, ll p) { return (a == 1 ? 1 : (1 - p * inv(p % a, a)) / a + p); } modint operator/(modint a, modint b) { return a * modint(inv(b, mod)); } modint operator/=(modint& a, modint b) { a = a / b; return a; } const int max_n = 1 << 20; modint fact[max_n], factinv[max_n]; void init_f() { fact[0] = modint(1); for (int i = 0; i < max_n - 1; i++) { fact[i + 1] = fact[i] * modint(i + 1); } factinv[max_n - 1] = modint(1) / fact[max_n - 1]; for (int i = max_n - 2; i >= 0; i--) { factinv[i] = factinv[i + 1] * modint(i + 1); } } modint comb(int a, int b) { if (a < 0 || b < 0 || a < b)return 0; return fact[a] * factinv[b] * factinv[a - b]; } modint combP(int a, int b) { if (a < 0 || b < 0 || a < b)return 0; return fact[a] * factinv[a - b]; } ll gcd(ll a, ll b) { a = abs(a); b = abs(b); if (a < b)swap(a, b); while (b) { ll r = a % b; a = b; b = r; } return a; } template void addv(vector& v, int loc, T val) { if (loc >= v.size())v.resize(loc + 1, 0); v[loc] += val; } /*const int mn = 2000005; bool isp[mn]; vector ps; void init() { fill(isp + 2, isp + mn, true); for (int i = 2; i < mn; i++) { if (!isp[i])continue; ps.push_back(i); for (int j = 2 * i; j < mn; j += i) { isp[j] = false; } } }*/ //[,val) template auto prev_itr(set& st, T val) { auto res = st.lower_bound(val); if (res == st.begin())return st.end(); res--; return res; } //[val,) template auto next_itr(set& st, T val) { auto res = st.lower_bound(val); return res; } using mP = pair; mP operator+(mP a, mP b) { return { a.first + b.first,a.second + b.second }; } mP operator+=(mP& a, mP b) { a = a + b; return a; } mP operator-(mP a, mP b) { return { a.first - b.first,a.second - b.second }; } mP operator-=(mP& a, mP b) { a = a - b; return a; } LP operator+(LP a, LP b) { return { a.first + b.first,a.second + b.second }; } LP operator+=(LP& a, LP b) { a = a + b; return a; } LP operator-(LP a, LP b) { return { a.first - b.first,a.second - b.second }; } LP operator-=(LP& a, LP b) { a = a - b; return a; } mt19937 mt(time(0)); const string drul = "DRUL"; string senw = "SENW"; //DRUL,or SENW //int dx[4] = { 1,0,-1,0 }; //int dy[4] = { 0,1,0,-1 }; //----------------------------------------- template struct BIT { private: vector node; int n; public: BIT(int n_) { n = n_; node.resize(n, 0); } //0-indexed void add(int a, T w) { for (int i = a; i < n; i |= i + 1)node[i] += w; } //[0,a) T sum(int a) { T ret = 0; for (int i = a - 1; i >= 0; i = (i & (i + 1)) - 1)ret += node[i]; return ret; } //[a,b) T sum(int a, int b) { return sum(b) - sum(a); } }; LDP operator*(const LDP& a, const LDP& b) { return LDP{ a.first * b.first - a.second * b.second , a.first * b.second + a.second * b.first }; } LDP operator+(const LDP& a, const LDP& b) { return LDP{ a.first + b.first,a.second + b.second }; } LDP operator-(const LDP& a, const LDP& b) { return LDP{ a.first - b.first,a.second - b.second }; } //非再帰 //eps=0.01を忘れずに typedef vector poly; poly dft(poly f, bool inverse = false) { int n = f.size(); int i, j, k; //bit左右反転 for (i = 0, j = 1; j < n - 1; j++) { for (k = n >> 1; k > (i ^= k); k >>= 1); if (i > j)swap(f[i], f[j]); } for (int m = 2; m <= n; m *= 2) { LDP zeta = { cos(2 * pi / (ld)m), sin(2 * pi / (ld)m) }; if (inverse) { zeta = { cos(2 * pi * (m - 1) / (ld)m), sin(2 * pi * (m - 1) / (ld)m) }; } for (i = 0; i < n; i += m) { LDP powzeta = { 1,0 }; for (k = i; k < i + m / 2; k++) { LDP t1 = f[k], t2 = powzeta * f[k + m / 2]; f[k] = t1 + t2; f[k + m / 2] = t1 - t2; powzeta = powzeta * zeta; } } } if (inverse) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { f[i].first /= (ld)n; f[i].second /= (ld)n; } } return f; } poly multiply(poly g, poly h) { if (min(g.size(), h.size()) <= 60) { poly res(g.size() + h.size() - 1); rep(i, g.size())rep(j, h.size()) { res[i + j] = res[i+j]+g[i] * h[j]; } return res; } int n = 1; int sz = g.size() + h.size(); while (n <= sz)n *= 2; while (g.size() < n) { g.push_back({ 0,0 }); } while (h.size() < n) { h.push_back({ 0,0 }); } poly gg = dft(g); poly hh = dft(h); poly ff; rep(i, n) { ff.push_back(gg[i] * hh[i]); } return dft(ff, true); } const ll mm = 1000000; struct Data { vector v0, v1; void init(P p) { v0.push_back(p.first); v1.push_back(p.second); } }; void normalize(vector &v) { rep(i, v.size()) { ll d = v[i] / mm; v[i] %= mm; if (d > 0) { if (i + 1 == v.size()) { v.push_back(d); } else { v[i + 1] += d; } } } while (v.size() && v.back() == 0)v.pop_back(); } vector operator+(vector& a, vector b) { vector res(max(a.size(), b.size())); rep(i, a.size())res[i] += a[i]; rep(i, b.size())res[i] += b[i]; normalize(res); return res; } vector operator*(vector& a, vector& b) { if (min(a.size(), b.size()) <= 60) { vector res(a.size() + b.size() - 1); rep(i, a.size())rep(j, b.size()) { res[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } normalize(res); return res; } poly ca(a.size()), cb(b.size()); rep(i, a.size())ca[i] = { a[i],0 }; rep(i, b.size())cb[i] = { b[i],0 }; poly ab = multiply(ca, cb); vector res(ab.size()); rep(i, ab.size()) { res[i] = round(ab[i].first); } normalize(res); return res; } Data operator*(Data a, Data b) { Data res; res.v0 = a.v0 + (b.v0 * a.v1); res.v1 = a.v1 * b.v1; return res; } void solve() { int n; cin >> n; vector p(n); rep(i, n)cin >> p[i]; vector c(n); BIT bt(n + 1); per(i, n) { c[i] = bt.sum(p[i]); bt.add(p[i], 1); } vector vd; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { Data cur; cur.init({ c[n - i],i }); vd.push_back(cur); } while (vd.size() > 1) { vector nvd; for (int i = 0; i + 1 < vd.size(); i += 2) { Data cur = vd[i] * vd[i + 1]; nvd.push_back(cur); } if (vd.size() % 2)nvd.push_back(vd.back()); swap(vd, nvd); } vector res = vd[0].v0; res.push_back(0); res[0]++; normalize(res); string ans; rep(i, res.size()) { int v = res[i]; assert(v < mm); rep(j, 6) { int r = v % 10; ans.push_back('0' + r); v /= 10; } } while (ans.back() == '0')ans.pop_back(); reverse(all(ans)); cout << ans << "\n"; } signed main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); //cout << fixed << setprecision(12); //init_f(); //init(); //while(true) //expr(); //int t; cin >> t; rep(i, t) solve(); return 0; }