#ifdef DEBUG #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #define CERR( ANSWER ) cerr << ANSWER << endl; #define LIBRARY_SEARCH if( LibrarySearch() != 0 ){ QUIT; }; #else #pragma GCC optimize ( "O3" ) #pragma GCC optimize( "unroll-loops" ) #pragma GCC target ( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" ) #define CERR( ANSWER ) #define LIBRARY_SEARCH #endif #include using namespace std; using uint = unsigned int; using ll = long long; using ull = unsigned long long; #define ATT __attribute__( ( target( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" ) ) ) #define TYPE_OF( VAR ) decay_t #define UNTIE ios_base::sync_with_stdio( false ); cin.tie( nullptr ) #define CEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE ) constexpr LL BOUND = VALUE #define CIN( LL , A ) LL A; cin >> A #define ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) assert( ( MIN ) <= A && A <= ( MAX ) ) #define CIN_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) CIN( TYPE_OF( MAX ) , A ); ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) #define SET_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) cin >> A; ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) #define GETLINE( A ) string A; getline( cin , A ) #define GETLINE_SEPARATE( A , SEPARATOR ) string A; getline( cin , A , SEPARATOR ) #define FOR( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL_PLUS_ONE ) for( TYPE_OF( FINAL_PLUS_ONE ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR < FINAL_PLUS_ONE ; VAR ++ ) #define FOREQ( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL ) for( TYPE_OF( FINAL ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR <= FINAL ; VAR ++ ) #define FOREQINV( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL ) for( TYPE_OF( INITIAL ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR >= FINAL ; VAR -- ) #define FOR_ITR( ARRAY , ITR , END ) for( auto ITR = ARRAY .begin() , END = ARRAY .end() ; ITR != END ; ITR ++ ) #define REPEAT( HOW_MANY_TIMES ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_REPEAT , 0 , HOW_MANY_TIMES ) #define QUIT return 0 #define COUT( ANSWER ) cout << ( ANSWER ) << "\n" #define RETURN( ANSWER ) COUT( ANSWER ); QUIT #define SET_PRECISION( PRECISION ) cout << fixed << setprecision( PRECISION ) #define DOUBLE( PRECISION , ANSWER ) SET_PRECISION << ( ANSWER ) << "\n"; QUIT template inline T Absolute( const T& a ){ return a > 0 ? a : -a; } template inline T Residue( const T& a , const T& p ){ return a >= 0 ? a % p : ( a % p ) + p; } #define POWER( ANSWER , ARGUMENT , EXPONENT ) \ static_assert( ! is_same::value && ! is_same::value ); \ TYPE_OF( ARGUMENT ) ANSWER{ 1 }; \ { \ TYPE_OF( ARGUMENT ) ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER = ( ARGUMENT ); \ TYPE_OF( EXPONENT ) EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER = ( EXPONENT ); \ while( EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER != 0 ){ \ if( EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER % 2 == 1 ){ \ ANSWER *= ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER; \ } \ ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER *= ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER; \ EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER /= 2; \ } \ } \ #define POWER_MOD( ANSWER , ARGUMENT , EXPONENT , MODULO ) \ ll ANSWER{ 1 }; \ { \ ll ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER = ( MODULO + ( ( ARGUMENT ) % MODULO ) ) % MODULO; \ TYPE_OF( EXPONENT ) EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER = ( EXPONENT ); \ while( EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER != 0 ){ \ if( EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER % 2 == 1 ){ \ ANSWER = ( ANSWER * ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER ) % MODULO; \ } \ ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER = ( ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER * ARGUMENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER ) % MODULO; \ EXPONENT_FOR_SQUARE_FOR_POWER /= 2; \ } \ } \ #define FACTORIAL_MOD( ANSWER , ANSWER_INV , INVERSE , MAX_INDEX , CONSTEXPR_LENGTH , MODULO ) \ static ll ANSWER[CONSTEXPR_LENGTH]; \ static ll ANSWER_INV[CONSTEXPR_LENGTH]; \ static ll INVERSE[CONSTEXPR_LENGTH]; \ { \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_PRODUCT_FOR_FACTORIAL = 1; \ ANSWER[0] = VARIABLE_FOR_PRODUCT_FOR_FACTORIAL; \ FOREQ( i , 1 , MAX_INDEX ){ \ ANSWER[i] = ( VARIABLE_FOR_PRODUCT_FOR_FACTORIAL *= i ) %= MODULO; \ } \ ANSWER_INV[0] = ANSWER_INV[1] = INVERSE[1] = VARIABLE_FOR_PRODUCT_FOR_FACTORIAL = 1; \ FOREQ( i , 2 , MAX_INDEX ){ \ ANSWER_INV[i] = ( VARIABLE_FOR_PRODUCT_FOR_FACTORIAL *= INVERSE[i] = MODULO - ( ( ( MODULO / i ) * INVERSE[MODULO % i] ) % MODULO ) ) %= MODULO; \ } \ } \ // 通常の二分探索その1 // EXPRESSIONがANSWERの狭義単調増加関数の時、EXPRESSION >= TARGETを満たす最小の整数を返す。 // 広義単調増加関数を扱いたい時は等号成立の処理を消して続く>に等号を付ける。 #define BS1( ANSWER , MINIMUM , MAXIMUM , EXPRESSION , TARGET ) \ static_assert( ! is_same::value && ! is_same::value ); \ ll ANSWER; \ { \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = MINIMUM; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = MAXIMUM; \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH; \ while( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L != VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ( EXPRESSION ) - ( TARGET ); \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << "=" << VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH ); \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH == 0 ){ \ break; \ } else { \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH > 0 ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = ANSWER; \ } else { \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = ANSWER + 1; \ } \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ } \ } \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << ">=0" ); \ } \ // 通常の二分探索その2 // EXPRESSIONがANSWERの狭義単調増加関数の時、EXPRESSION <= TARGETを満たす最大の整数を返す。 // 広義単調増加関数を扱いたい時は等号成立の処理を消して続く<に等号を付ける。 #define BS2( ANSWER , MINIMUM , MAXIMUM , EXPRESSION , TARGET ) \ static_assert( ! is_same::value && ! is_same::value ); \ ll ANSWER; \ { \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = MINIMUM; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = MAXIMUM; \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH; \ while( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L != VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ( EXPRESSION ) - ( TARGET ); \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << "=" << VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH ); \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH == 0 ){ \ break; \ } else { \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH < 0 ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = ANSWER; \ } else { \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = ANSWER - 1; \ } \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + 1 + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ } \ } \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << "<=0" ); \ } \ // 通常の二分探索その3 // EXPRESSIONがANSWERの狭義単調減少関数の時、EXPRESSION >= TARGETを満たす最大の整数を返す。 // 広義単調増加関数を扱いたい時は等号成立の処理を消して続く>に等号を付ける。 #define BS3( ANSWER , MINIMUM , MAXIMUM , EXPRESSION , TARGET ) \ static_assert( ! is_same::value && ! is_same::value ); \ ll ANSWER; \ { \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = MINIMUM; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = MAXIMUM; \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH; \ while( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L != VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ( EXPRESSION ) - ( TARGET ); \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << "=" << VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH ); \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH == 0 ){ \ break; \ } else { \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH > 0 ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = ANSWER; \ } else { \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = ANSWER - 1; \ } \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + 1 + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ } \ } \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << ">=0" ); \ } \ // 通常の二分探索その4 // EXPRESSIONがANSWERの狭義単調減少関数の時、EXPRESSION <= TARGETを満たす最小の整数を返す。 // 広義単調増加関数を扱いたい時は等号成立の処理を消して続く<に等号を付ける。 #define BS4( ANSWER , MINIMUM , MAXIMUM , EXPRESSION , TARGET ) \ static_assert( ! is_same::value && ! is_same::value ); \ ll ANSWER; \ { \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = MINIMUM; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = MAXIMUM; \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH; \ while( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L != VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ( EXPRESSION ) - ( TARGET ); \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << "=" << VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH ); \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH == 0 ){ \ break; \ } else { \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH < 0 ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U = ANSWER; \ } else { \ VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L = ANSWER + 1; \ } \ ANSWER = ( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L + VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U ) / 2; \ } \ } \ CERR( VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_L << "<=" << ANSWER << "<=" << VARIABLE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH_U << ":" << EXPRESSION << "-" << TARGET << "<=0" ); \ } \ // 二進法の二分探索 // EXPRESSIONがANSWERの狭義単調増加関数の時、EXPRESSION <= TARGETを満たす最大の整数を返す。 #define BBS( ANSWER , MINIMUM , MAXIMUM , EXPRESSION , TARGET ) \ ll ANSWER = MINIMUM; \ { \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_POWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = 1; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ( MAXIMUM ) - ANSWER; \ while( VARIABLE_FOR_POWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH <= VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_POWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH *= 2; \ } \ VARIABLE_FOR_POWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH /= 2; \ ll VARIABLE_FOR_ANSWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ANSWER; \ while( VARIABLE_FOR_POWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH != 0 ){ \ ANSWER = VARIABLE_FOR_ANSWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH + VARIABLE_FOR_POWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH; \ VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ( EXPRESSION ) - ( TARGET ); \ if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH == 0 ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_ANSWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ANSWER; \ break; \ } else if( VARIABLE_FOR_DIFFERENCE_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH < 0 ){ \ VARIABLE_FOR_ANSWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH = ANSWER; \ } \ VARIABLE_FOR_POWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH /= 2; \ } \ ANSWER = VARIABLE_FOR_ANSWER_FOR_BINARY_SEARCH; \ } \ // 圧縮用 #define TE template #define TY typename #define US using #define ST static #define IN inline #define CL class #define PU public #define OP operator #define CE constexpr #define CO const #define NE noexcept #define RE return #define WH while #define VO void #define VE vector #define LI list #define BE begin #define EN end #define SZ size #define MO move #define TH this #define CRI CO int& #define CRUI CO uint& #define CRL CO ll& int LibrarySearch() { CERR( "ライブラリーを探索しますか?[y/n]" ); CIN( string , reply ); if( reply == "n" ){ CERR( "ライブラリーを探索せずに続行します。" ); CERR( "" ); return 0; } else if( reply != "y" ){ CERR( "y/nのいずれかで答えてください。" ); CERR( "終了します。" ); CERR( "" ); return -1; } CERR( "" ); CERR( "ライブラリーを探索します。" ); CERR( "問題の種類を番号で指定してください;" ); vector problems = { "数に関する問題。" , "配列に関する問題。" , "文字列に関する問題。" , "順列に関する問題。" , "矩形領域に関する問題。" , "グラフに関する問題。" , "格子点に関する問題。" , "ナップサック問題。" }; int problems_size = problems.size(); FOR( i , 0 , problems_size ){ CERR( i << ": " << problems[i] ); } CIN( int , num ); CERR( "" ); if( num < 0 || num >= problems_size ){ cerr << "返答は" << problems_size - 1 << "以下の非負整数にしてください。"; CERR( "終了します。" ); CERR( "" ); return -1; } else if( num == 0 ){ CERR( "入力は1つの数か、1つの数と法を表す数ですか?[y/n/c]" ); cin >> reply; CERR( "" ); if( reply == "y" ){ CERR( "まずは小さい入力の場合を愚直に計算し、OEISで検索しましょう。" ); CERR( "https://oeis.org/?language=japanese" ); CERR( "" ); CERR( "次に出力の定義と等価な式を考察しましょう。" ); CERR( "- 単調ならば、冪乗や階乗を検討しましょう。" ); CERR( "- 定義にp進法が使われていれば、探索アルゴリズムを検討しましょう。" ); CERR( "- 入力が素数に近い場合に規則性があれば、p進付値、p進法、オイラー関数、約数の個数などを検討しましょう。" ); } else if( reply == "n" ){ CERR( "このケースのライブラリー探索は未実装です。" ); } else if( reply == "c" ){ CERR( "終了します。" ); CERR( "" ); return -1; } else { CERR( "y/n/cのいずれかで答えてください。" ); CERR( "終了します。" ); CERR( "" ); return -1; } CERR( "" ); CERR( "マルチテストケースの場合は以下の前計算を検討しましょう;" ); CERR( "素数列挙、約数列挙、サブゴールとなる関係式を満たす解列挙。" ); } else if( num == 3 ){ CERR( "符号の計算は転倒数の計算に帰着させましょう。" ); CERR( "符号と何かの積の和は行列式に帰着させましょう。余因子展開のメモ化再帰でO(N 2^N)です。" ); CERR( "" ); CERR( "1つの順列の転倒数は、" ); CERR( "- O(N^2)が通るなら愚直な二重ループ" ); CERR( "- O(N log_2 N)が必要なら可換群に対するBIT" ); CERR( " \\Mathematics\\Combinatorial\\Permutation" ); CERR( " \\Mathematics\\SetTheory\\DirectProduct\\AffineSpace\\BIT" ); CERR( "で計算しましょう。" ); CERR( "" ); CERR( "条件を満たす順列全体をわたる転倒数の総和は、各i sum2{}; set sum3{}; FOREQ( i , 0 , N ){ ll& Ai = A[i]; FOREQ( j , 0 , N ){ ll& Aj = A[j]; sum2.insert( Ai + Aj ); FOREQ( k , 0 , N ){ ll& Ak = A[k]; sum3.insert( Ai + Aj + Ak ); } } } vector Asum2{}; vector Asum3{}; int size2 = sum2.size(); int size3 = sum3.size(); Asum2.reserve( size2 ); Asum3.reserve( size3 ); FOR_ITR( sum2 , itr , end ){ Asum2.push_back( *itr ); } FOR_ITR( sum3 , itr , end ){ Asum3.push_back( *itr ); } sum2.clear(); sum3.clear(); ll answer = 0; if( K == 1 ){ sort( A , A + N ); BS2( j , 0 , N - 1 , A[j] , M ); answer = A[j]; } else if( K == 2 ){ BS2( j , 0 , size2 - 1 , Asum2[j] , M ); answer = Asum2[j]; } else if( K == 3 ){ BS2( j , 0 , size3 - 1 , Asum3[j] , M ); answer = Asum3[j]; } else { vector& A0 = K < 6 ? Asum2 : Asum3; vector& A1 = K < 5 ? Asum2 : Asum3; int& size0 = K < 6 ? size2 : size3; int& size1 = K < 5 ? size2 : size3; FOR( i , 0 , size0 ){ ll& A0i = A0[i]; if( A0i <= M ){ BS2( j , 0 , size1 - 1 , A0i + A1[j] , M ); ll temp = A0i + A1[j]; answer < temp ? answer = temp : answer; } } } RETURN( answer ); }