#ifndef LOCAL #pragma GCC optimize ("Ofast") #pragma GCC optimize ("unroll-loops") #endif #include using namespace std; using ll=long long; #define int ll //デバッグ実行でオーバーフローするとコアダンプしがち using int128=__int128_t; using uint128=unsigned __int128_t; istream& operator>>(istream&is,int128&res){ res=0; string s;is>>s; int head=0; int128 w=1; if(s[0]=='-'){ w=-1; head++; } while(head>64))+64; } int128 gcd(int128 a,int128 b){ if(a<0)a=-a; if(b<0)b=-b; if(a==0)return b; if(b==0)return a; int128 s=botbit(a|b); a>>=botbit(a); do{ b>>=botbit(b); if(a>b)swap(a,b); b-=a; }while(b); return a<=int(a);i--) #define per(i,b) gnr(i,0,b) #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define a first #define b second #define bg begin() #define ed end() #define all(x) x.bg,x.ed #define si(x) int(x.size()) #ifdef LOCAL #define dmp(x) cerr<<__LINE__<<" "<<#x<<" "< bool chmax(t&a,u b){if(a bool chmin(t&a,u b){if(b using vc=vector; template using vvc=vc>; using pi=pair; using vi=vc; template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const pair& p){ return os<<"{"< ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const vc& v){ os<<"{"; for(auto e:v)os< void dmpr(ostream&os,const T&t,const Args&... args){ os< ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const array&a){ return os<(all(a)); } template void print_tuple(ostream&,const T&){ } template void print_tuple(ostream&os,const T&t){ if(i)os<<","; os<(t); print_tuple(os,t); } template ostream& operator<<(ostream&os,const tuple&t){ os<<"{"; print_tuple<0,tuple,Args...>(os,t); return os<<"}"; } ll read(){ ll i; cin>>i; return i; } vi readvi(int n,int off=0){ vi v(n); rep(i,n)v[i]=read()+off; return v; } pi readpi(int off=0){ int a,b;cin>>a>>b; return pi(a+off,b+off); } template void print_single(t x,int suc=1){ cout< void print_single(const pair&p,int suc=1){ print_single(p.a,2); print_single(p.b,suc); } template void print_single(const vector&v,int suc=1){ rep(i,v.size()) print_single(v[i],i==int(v.size())-1?suc:2); } template void print_offset(const vector&v,ll off,int suc=1){ rep(i,v.size()) print_single(v[i]+off,i==int(v.size())-1?suc:2); } template void print_single(const array&v,int suc=1){ rep(i,N) print_single(v[i],i==int(N)-1?suc:2); } template void print(const T&t){ print_single(t); } template void print(const T&t,const Args&...args){ print_single(t,2); print(args...); } string readString(){ string s; cin>>s; return s; } template T sq(const T& t){ return t*t; } void YES(bool ex=true){ cout<<"YES\n"; if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void NO(bool ex=true){ cout<<"NO\n"; if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void Yes(bool ex=true){ cout<<"Yes\n"; if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void No(bool ex=true){ cout<<"No\n"; if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } //#define CAPITAL /* void yes(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"YES"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"Yes"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void no(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"NO"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"No"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif }*/ void possible(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"POSSIBLE"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"Possible"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } void impossible(bool ex=true){ #ifdef CAPITAL cout<<"IMPOSSIBLE"<<"\n"; #else cout<<"Impossible"<<"\n"; #endif if(ex)exit(0); #ifdef LOCAL cout.flush(); #endif } constexpr ll ten(int n){ return n==0?1:ten(n-1)*10; } const ll infLL=LLONG_MAX/3; #ifdef int const int inf=infLL; #else const int inf=INT_MAX/2-100; #endif int topbit(signed t){ return t==0?-1:31-__builtin_clz(t); } int topbit(ll t){ return t==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll(t); } int topbit(ull t){ return t==0?-1:63-__builtin_clzll(t); } int botbit(signed a){ return a==0?32:__builtin_ctz(a); } int botbit(ll a){ return a==0?64:__builtin_ctzll(a); } int botbit(ull a){ return a==0?64:__builtin_ctzll(a); } int popcount(signed t){ return __builtin_popcount(t); } int popcount(ll t){ return __builtin_popcountll(t); } int popcount(ull t){ return __builtin_popcountll(t); } int bitparity(ll t){ return __builtin_parityll(t); } bool ispow2(int i){ return i&&(i&-i)==i; } ll mask(int i){ return (ll(1)< void mkuni(vc&v){ sort(all(v)); v.erase(unique(all(v)),v.ed); } ll rand_int(ll l, ll r) { //[l, r] //#ifdef LOCAL static mt19937_64 gen; /*#else static mt19937_64 gen(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); #endif*/ return uniform_int_distribution(l, r)(gen); } ll rand_int(ll k){ //[0,k) return rand_int(0,k-1); } template void myshuffle(vc&a){ rep(i,si(a))swap(a[i],a[rand_int(0,i)]); } template int lwb(const vc&v,const t&a){ return lower_bound(all(v),a)-v.bg; } template bool bis(const vc&v,const t&a){ return binary_search(all(v),a); } vvc readGraph(int n,int m){ vvc g(n); rep(i,m){ int a,b; cin>>a>>b; //sc.read(a,b); a--;b--; g[a].pb(b); g[b].pb(a); } return g; } vvc readTree(int n){ return readGraph(n,n-1); } vc presum(const vi&a){ vc s(si(a)+1); rep(i,si(a))s[i+1]=s[i]+a[i]; return s; } //BIT で数列を管理するときに使う (CF850C) template vc predif(vc a){ gnr(i,1,si(a))a[i]-=a[i-1]; return a; } template vvc imos(const vvc&a){ int n=si(a),m=si(a[0]); vvc b(n+1,vc(m+1)); rep(i,n)rep(j,m) b[i+1][j+1]=b[i+1][j]+b[i][j+1]-b[i][j]+a[i][j]; return b; } //verify してないや void transvvc(int&n,int&m){ swap(n,m); } template void transvvc(int&n,int&m,vvc&a,Args&...args){ assert(si(a)==n); vvc b(m,vi(n)); rep(i,n){ assert(si(a[i])==m); rep(j,m)b[j][i]=a[i][j]; } a.swap(b); transvvc(n,m,args...); } //CF854E void rotvvc(int&n,int&m){ swap(n,m); } template void rotvvc(int&n,int&m,vvc&a,Args&...args){ assert(si(a)==n); vvc b(m,vi(n)); rep(i,n){ assert(si(a[i])==m); rep(j,m)b[m-1-j][i]=a[i][j]; } a.swap(b); rotvvc(n,m,args...); } //ソートして i 番目が idx[i] //CF850C template vi sortidx(const vc&a){ int n=si(a); vi idx(n);iota(all(idx),0); sort(all(idx),[&](int i,int j){return a[i] vc a_idx(const vc&a,const vi&idx){ int n=si(a); assert(si(idx)==n); vc vs(n); rep(i,n)vs[i]=a[idx[i]]; return vs; } //CF850C vi invperm(const vi&p){ int n=si(p); vi q(n); rep(i,n)q[p[i]]=i; return q; } template s SUM(const vc&a){ return accumulate(all(a),s(0)); } template t MAX(const vc&a){ return *max_element(all(a)); } template t MIN(const vc&a){ return *min_element(all(a)); } template pair MINi(const vc&a){ auto itr=min_element(all(a)); return mp(*itr,itr-a.bg); } template pair operator+(const pair&a,const pair&b){ return mp(a.a+b.a,a.b+b.b); } vi vid(int n){ vi res(n);iota(all(res),0); return res; } template S getrev(S s){ reverse(all(s)); return s; } pi operator+(pi a,pi b){return pi(a.a+b.a,a.b+b.b);} template t gpp(vc&vs){ assert(si(vs)); t res=move(vs.back()); vs.pop_back(); return res; } //Bytecamp 2022 Day2 L template struct Vector:array{ Vector operator-()const{ Vector v; rep(i,S)v[i]=-(*this)[i]; return v; } Vector& operator+=(const Vector&rhs){ rep(i,S)(*this)[i]+=rhs[i]; return *this; } Vector& operator-=(const Vector&rhs){ rep(i,S)(*this)[i]-=rhs[i]; return *this; } Vector operator+(const Vector&rhs)const{ return Vector(*this)+=rhs; } Vector operator-(const Vector&rhs)const{ return Vector(*this)-=rhs; } Vector& operator*=(const num&x){ rep(i,S)(*this)[i]*=x; return *this; } Vector& operator/=(const num&x){ num y=num(1)/x; rep(i,S)(*this)[i]*=y; return *this; } /*Vector& operator*=(const Vector&rhs){ rep(i,S)(*this)[i]*=rhs[i]; return *this; } Vector& operator/=(const Vector&rhs){ rep(i,S)(*this)[i]/=rhs[i]; return *this; } Vector operator*(const Vector&rhs)const{ return Vector(*this)*=rhs; } Vector operator/(const Vector&rhs)const{ return Vector(*this)/=rhs; }*/ Vector operator*(const num&x)const{ return Vector(*this)*=x; } Vector operator/(const num&x)const{ return Vector(*this)/=x; } }; template num dot(const Vector&a,const Vector&b){ assert(a.size()==b.size()); const int s=a.size(); num ans(0); rep(i,s) ans+=a[i]*b[i]; return ans; } //CF CodeTon4 H template struct Matrix:Vector,S>{ using V=Vector; Matrix operator*(const Matrix&rhs)const{ Matrix res{}; rep(i,S)rep(j,S)rep(k,S) res[i][j]+=(*this)[i][k]*rhs[k][j]; return res; } Matrix& operator*=(const Matrix&rhs){ return *this=(*this)*rhs; } V operator*(const V&rhs)const{ V res{}; rep(i,S) res[i]=dot((*this)[i],rhs); return res; } static Matrix getid(){ Matrix res{}; rep(i,S)res[i][i]=1; return res; } }; const int S=5; using V=Vector; using M=Matrix; M matpow(M a,int n){ M res=M::getid(); while(n){ if(n&1)res*=a; a*=a; n>>=1; } return res; } V matpow_V(M a,int n,V res){ while(n){ if(n&1)res=a*res; a*=a; n>>=1; } return res; } //f(x)=(hx+start)/w という直線を考える //(0,0) からスタートする. //まず (0,floor(f(0))) まで移動し,移動するたびに B をかける //その後以下の操作を N 回繰り返す //(x,y) から (x+1,y) へ移動.A をかける //(x,y) から (x,floor(f(x))) まで移動.移動するたびに B をかける //A|B をかけるというのは m->(A|B)m という遷移 //最終的な行列を返す //多分 O(log(w+h)) 回くらいの行列乗算だと思う //stress-tested M gauss_sum_matrix(int w,int h,int start,int n,M A,M B){ assert(0>n>>m>>x>>y; int128 ans=0; ans+=sub(n,m,x,0,n,-1); ans+=sub(n,m,x,y,(n-1),-2); assert(ans%m==0); print(ans/m); } signed main(){ cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cout<>t;rep(_,t) slv(); }