#include using namespace std; using ll = long long; //RSQ (0-indexed) template struct BIT { vector bit; int N; BIT (int n){ N = n; bit.resize(N); } void add(int loc, T val){ loc++; while(loc <= N){ bit[loc-1] += val; loc += loc & -loc; } } T sum(int l, int r){ T res = _sum(r) - _sum(l-1); return res; } T _sum(int r){ r++; T res = 0; while(r > 0){ res += bit[r-1]; r -= r & -r; } return res; } }; const ll modc = 998244353; class mint { ll x; public: mint(ll x=0) : x((x%modc+modc)%modc) {} mint operator-() const { return mint(-x); } mint& operator+=(const mint& a) { if ((x += a.x) >= modc) x -= modc; return *this; } mint& operator-=(const mint& a) { if ((x += modc-a.x) >= modc) x -= modc; return *this; } mint& operator*=(const mint& a) { (x *= a.x) %= modc; return *this; } mint operator+(const mint& a) const { mint res(*this); return res+=a; } mint operator-(const mint& a) const { mint res(*this); return res-=a; } mint operator*(const mint& a) const { mint res(*this); return res*=a; } mint pow(ll t) const { if (!t) return 1; mint a = pow(t>>1); a *= a; if (t&1) a *= *this; return a; } mint inv() const { return pow(modc-2); } mint& operator/=(const mint& a) { return (*this) *= a.inv(); } mint operator/(const mint& a) const { mint res(*this); return res/=a; } bool operator == (const mint& a) const{ return x == a.x; } friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const mint& m){ os << m.x; return os; } friend istream& operator>>(istream& ip, mint &m) { ll t; ip >> t; m = mint(t); return ip; } ll val(){ return x; } }; int main(){ int N; mint ans=0; cin >> N; vector P(N+1); for (int i=1; i<=N; i++) cin >> P[i]; BIT tc(N+1), ts(N+1); for (int i=1; i<=N; i++){ ans += tc.sum(P[i]+1, N) * mint(2).pow(N-1); ans -= ts.sum(P[i]+1, N) * mint(2).inv().pow(i); tc.add(P[i], 1); ts.add(P[i], mint(2).pow(N+i-1)); } cout << ans << endl; return 0; }