/*
T = int(input())
for _ in range(T):
	x, y = map(int, input().split())
	t = ((x + (1 << y)) >> y) << y
	for i in range(60):
		if t & (1 << i):
			print((1 << i) - 1)
			break
*/

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int T, x, y;
	cin >> T;
	for (int _ = 0; _ < T; _++) {
		cin >> x >> y;
		int t = ((x + (1 << y)) >> y) << y;
		for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
			if (t & (1 << i)) {
				cout << (1 << i) - 1 << '\n';
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}