#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	int T; long long x, y;
	cin >> T;
	for (int _ = 0; _ < T; _++) {
		cin >> x >> y;
		long long t = ((x + (1 << y)) >> y) << y;
		for (long long i = 0; i < 62; i++) {
			if (t & (1 << i)) {
				cout << (1 << i) - 1 << '\n';
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}