// 愚直解（O(x(log x)(log log x))）チェック
#ifdef DEBUG
  #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
  #define UNTIE ios_base::sync_with_stdio( false ); cin.tie( nullptr ); signal( SIGABRT , &AlertAbort )
  #define DEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE , DEBUG_VALUE ) CEXPR( LL , BOUND , DEBUG_VALUE )
  #define CERR( ANSWER ) cerr << ANSWER << endl;
  #define COUT( ANSWER ) cout << ANSWER << endl
  #define ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) CERR( "ASSERTチェック： " << ( MIN ) << ( ( MIN ) <= A ? "<=" : ">" ) << A << ( A <= ( MAX ) ? "<=" : ">" ) << ( MAX ) ); assert( ( MIN ) <= A && A <= ( MAX ) )
  #define LIBRARY_SEARCH if( LibrarySearch() != 0 ){ QUIT; };
  #define START_WATCH( PROCESS_NAME ) StartWatch( PROCESS_NAME )
  #define STOP_WATCH( HOW_MANY_TIMES ) StopWatch( HOW_MANY_TIMES )
#else
  #pragma GCC optimize ( "O3" )
  #pragma GCC optimize( "unroll-loops" )
  #pragma GCC target ( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" )
  #define UNTIE ios_base::sync_with_stdio( false ); cin.tie( nullptr )
  #define DEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE , DEBUG_VALUE ) CEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE )
  #define CERR( ANSWER ) 
  #define COUT( ANSWER ) cout << ANSWER << "\n"
  #define ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) assert( ( MIN ) <= A && A <= ( MAX ) )
  #define LIBRARY_SEARCH
  #define START_WATCH( PROCESS_NAME )
  #define STOP_WATCH( HOW_MANY_TIMES )
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;
using uint = unsigned int;
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#define ATT __attribute__( ( target( "sse4.2,fma,avx2,popcnt,lzcnt,bmi2" ) ) )
#define TYPE_OF( VAR ) decay_t<decltype( VAR )>
#define CEXPR( LL , BOUND , VALUE ) constexpr LL BOUND = VALUE
#define CIN( LL , A ) LL A; cin >> A
#define CIN_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) CIN( TYPE_OF( MAX ) , A ); ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX )
#define SET_ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX ) cin >> A; ASSERT( A , MIN , MAX )
#define GETLINE( A ) string A; getline( cin , A )
#define GETLINE_SEPARATE( A , SEPARATOR ) string A; getline( cin , A , SEPARATOR )
#define FOR( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL_PLUS_ONE ) for( TYPE_OF( FINAL_PLUS_ONE ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR < FINAL_PLUS_ONE ; VAR ++ )
#define FOREQ( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL ) for( TYPE_OF( FINAL ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR <= FINAL ; VAR ++ )
#define FOREQINV( VAR , INITIAL , FINAL ) for( TYPE_OF( INITIAL ) VAR = INITIAL ; VAR >= FINAL ; VAR -- )
#define AUTO_ITR( ARRAY ) auto itr_ ## ARRAY = ARRAY .begin() , end_ ## ARRAY = ARRAY .end()
#define FOR_ITR( ARRAY ) for( AUTO_ITR( ARRAY ) , itr = itr_ ## ARRAY ; itr_ ## ARRAY != end_ ## ARRAY ; itr_ ## ARRAY ++ , itr++ )
#define REPEAT( HOW_MANY_TIMES ) FOR( VARIABLE_FOR_REPEAT_ ## HOW_MANY_TIMES , 0 , HOW_MANY_TIMES )
#define QUIT return 0
#define SET_PRECISION( DECIMAL_DIGITS ) cout << fixed << setprecision( DECIMAL_DIGITS_ )
#define RETURN( ANSWER ) COUT( ( ANSWER ) ); QUIT

#ifdef DEBUG
  inline void AlertAbort( int n ) { CERR( "abort関数が呼ばれました。assertマクロのメッセージが出力されていない場合はオーバーフローの有無を確認をしてください。" ); }
  void StartWatch( const string& process_name = "nothing" );
  void StopWatch( const int& how_many_times = 1 );
#endif

template <typename T> inline T Absolute( const T& a ){ return a > 0 ? a : -a; }
template <typename T> inline T Residue( const T& a , const T& p ){ return a >= 0 ? a % p : p - 1 - ( ( - ( a + 1 ) ) % p ); }

// 入力フォーマットチェック用
// 1行中の変数の個数を確認
#define GETLINE_COUNT( S , VARIABLE_NUMBER ) GETLINE( S ); int VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S = 0; int VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S  = S.size(); { int size = S.size(); int count = 0; for( int i = 0 ; i < size ; i++ ){ if( S.substr( i , 1 ) == " " ){ count++; } } assert( count + 1 == VARIABLE_NUMBER ); }
// 余計な入力の有無を確認
#ifdef DEBUG
  #define CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT 
#else
  // #define CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT string VARIABLE_FOR_CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT = ""; cin >> VARIABLE_FOR_CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT; assert( VARIABLE_FOR_CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT == "" ); assert( ! cin )
  #define CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT string VARIABLE_FOR_CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT = ""; getline( cin , VARIABLE_FOR_CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT ); assert( VARIABLE_FOR_CHECK_REDUNDANT_INPUT == "" ); assert( ! cin )
#endif
// |N| <= BOUNDを満たすNをSから構築
#define STOI( S , N , BOUND ) TYPE_OF( BOUND ) N = 0; { bool VARIABLE_FOR_POSITIVITY_FOR_GETLINE = true; assert( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S < VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ); if( S.substr( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S , 1 ) == "-" ){ VARIABLE_FOR_POSITIVITY_FOR_GETLINE = false; VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ++; assert( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S < VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ); } assert( S.substr( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S , 1 ) != " " ); string VARIABLE_FOR_LETTER_FOR_GETLINE{}; int VARIABLE_FOR_DIGIT_FOR_GETLINE{}; while( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S < VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ? ( VARIABLE_FOR_LETTER_FOR_GETLINE = S.substr( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S , 1 ) ) != " " : false ){ VARIABLE_FOR_DIGIT_FOR_GETLINE = stoi( VARIABLE_FOR_LETTER_FOR_GETLINE ); assert( N < BOUND / 10 ? true : N == BOUND / 10 && VARIABLE_FOR_DIGIT_FOR_GETLINE <= BOUND % 10 ); N = N * 10 + VARIABLE_FOR_DIGIT_FOR_GETLINE; VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ++; } if( ! VARIABLE_FOR_POSITIVITY_FOR_GETLINE ){ N *= -1; } if( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S < VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ){ VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ++; } }
// SをSEPARATORで区切りTを構築
#define SEPARATE( S , T , SEPARATOR ) string T{}; { assert( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S < VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ); int VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S_prev = VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S; assert( S.substr( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S , 1 ) != SEPARATOR ); string VARIABLE_FOR_LETTER_FOR_GETLINE{}; while( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S < VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ? ( VARIABLE_FOR_LETTER_FOR_GETLINE = S.substr( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S , 1 ) ) != SEPARATOR : false ){ VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ++; } T = S.substr( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S_prev , VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S - VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S_prev ); if( VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S < VARIABLE_FOR_SIZE_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ){ VARIABLE_FOR_INDEX_FOR_GETLINE_FOR_ ## S ++; } }

#define UPDATE_INTERVAL( L , L_CONDITION , LEFT )			\
  set<pair<int,int> > interval_ ## LEFT{ { y , y_max } };		\
  ll L = x;								\
  while( L_CONDITION ){							\
    set<pair<int,int> > interval_new{};					\
    int d = 0;								\
    while( d < 60 ){							\
      while( d < 60 ? ( ( L >> d ) & 1 ) != 1 : false ){		\
	d++;								\
      }									\
      if( d < 60 ){							\
	int u = d;							\
	while( u < 60 ? ( ( L >> u ) & 1 ) == 1 : false ){		\
	  u++;								\
	}								\
	interval_new.insert( { d , u-1 } );				\
	d = u;								\
      }									\
    }									\
    AUTO_ITR( interval_new );						\
    while( itr_interval_new != end_interval_new ){			\
      bool match = false;						\
      FOR_ITR( interval_ ## LEFT ){					\
	if( itr_interval_new->first <= itr->first && itr->first <= itr_interval_new->second ){ \
	  match = true;							\
	  break;							\
	}								\
	if( itr_interval_new->first <= itr->second && itr->second <= itr_interval_new->second ){ \
	  match = true;							\
	  break;							\
	}								\
      }									\
      if( match ){							\
	answer += itr_interval_new->second - itr_interval_new->first + 1; \
	itr_interval_new++;						\
      } else {								\
	itr_interval_new = interval_new.erase( itr_interval_new );	\
      }									\
    }									\
    if( interval_new.empty() ){						\
      break;								\
    } else {								\
      interval_ ## LEFT = move( interval_new );				\
    }									\
  }									\
  
int main()
{
  UNTIE;
  CEXPR( int , bound_T , 100000 );
  CIN_ASSERT( T , 1 , bound_T );
  CEXPR( ll , one , 1 );
  CEXPR( int , ulim_y , 60 );
  CEXPR( ll , ulim_x , one << ulim_y );
  REPEAT( T ){
    CIN_ASSERT( x , 1, ulim_x - 1 );
    CIN_ASSERT( y , 0 , ulim_y - 1 );
    assert( ( ( x >> y ) & 1 ) == 1 );
    while( y > 0 ? ( ( x >> ( y - 1 ) ) & 1 ) == 1 : false ){
      y--;
    }
    int y_max = y;
    while( y_max < 60 ? ( ( x >> ( y_max + 1 ) ) & 1 ) == 1 : false ){
      y_max++;
    }
    ll answer = y_max - y + 1;
    UPDATE_INTERVAL( l , l-- > 0 , left );
    UPDATE_INTERVAL( r , r++ < ulim_x , right );
    COUT( answer );
  }
  QUIT;
}