#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
  int T;
  cin >> T;
  for (int i = 0; i < T; i++){
    long long x;
    int y;
    cin >> x >> y;
    while ((x >> (y + 1) & 1) == 1){
      y++;
    }
    cout << ((long long) 1 << (y + 1)) - 1 << endl;
  }
}