#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

int main(){
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    ll t;
    cin>>t;
    while(t--){
        ll x,y;
        cin>>x>>y;
        ll ans = 0;
        ll ni = y;
        while(ni<30){
            if(~x>>ni&1) break;
            ni++;
        }
        ni--;
        while(ni>=0){
            ans += 1ll<<ni;
            ni--;
        }
        cout<<ans<<endl;
    }
}