// #pragma GCC target("avx2")
// #pragma GCC optimize("O3")
// #pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <climits>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using lg = long long;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using pll = pair<lg, lg>;
#define TEST cerr << "TEST" << endl
#define AMARI 998244353
// #define AMARI 1000000007
#define TEMOTO ((sizeof(long double) == 16) ? false : true)
#define TIME_LIMIT 1980 * (TEMOTO ? 1 : 1000)
#define mpr make_pair
#define el '\n'
#define El '\n'

#define MULTI_TEST_CASE true
void solve(void) {
    lg y;
    unsigned long long x;
    cin >> x >> y;
    bitset<63> bs(x);
    //for(int i = 0; i < bs.size(); i++)cout << bs[i];
    //cout << el;
    //y--;
    for(int i = y; i < 63; i++){
        if(bs[i] == 0){
            cout << (1LL << i) - 1 << el;
            return;
        }
    }
    cout << 0 << el;
    return;
}

void calc(void) {
    return;
}

int main(void) {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    calc();
    int t = 1;
    if (MULTI_TEST_CASE) cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}