import sys
input = lambda :sys.stdin.readline()[:-1]
ni = lambda :int(input())
na = lambda :list(map(int,input().split()))
yes = lambda :print("yes");Yes = lambda :print("Yes");YES = lambda : print("YES")
no = lambda :print("no");No = lambda :print("No");NO = lambda : print("NO")
#######################################################################
for _ in range(ni()):
    x, y = na()
    while x >> (y+1) & 1:
        y += 1
    
    print((1<<y+1)-1)