import sys
from sys import stdin

TT = int(stdin.readline())

for loop in range(TT):

    x,y = map(int,stdin.readline().split())

    xbit = list(format(x,"b").zfill(70))
    xbit.reverse()

    while xbit[y+1] == "1":
        y += 1
    
    print (2**(y+1) - 1)