#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void solve(){
	long long x, y;
	cin >> x >> y;

	long long t=1LL<<y;
	for(int i=y+1;i<63;++i){
		if((x>>i&1)==0){
			t = 1LL << i;
			break;
		}
	}
	
	cout<<t-1<<endl;
	return;
}
int main(){
	int t;
	cin >> t;
	while(t--) solve();

	return 0;

}