import sys
input = sys.stdin.readline

#for i in range(128):
#    print(bin(i)[2:].zfill(13))

    

T=int(input())
for tests in range(T):
    x,y=map(int,input().split())

    for i in range(y,100):
        if x & (1<<i) != 0:
            k=i
        else:
            break

    #print(k)

    ANS=0
    for i in range(k+1):
        ANS+=2**i

    print(ANS)