def solve(r, col):
    ans = 0
    e = col
    while e + 1 < 60 and (r % (2 ** (e + 2)) >= 2 ** (e + 1)):
        e += 1
    return 2 ** (e + 1) - 1


for tc in range(int(input())):
    print(solve(*map(int, input().split())))