using System;
using static System.Console;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class Program
{
    static int NN => int.Parse(ReadLine());
    static long[] NList => ReadLine().Split().Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
    public static void Main()
    {
        Solve();
    }
    static void Solve()
    {
        var t = NN;
        var ans = new long[t];
        for (var u = 0; u < t; ++u)
        {
            var c = NList;
            var (x, y) = (c[0], (int)c[1]);
            var max = y;
            while ((x & (1L << max + 1)) != 0) ++max;
            ans[u] = (1L << max + 1) - 1;
        }
        WriteLine(string.Join("\n", ans));
    }
}