T=int(input())
exp=[2**i for i in range(61)]
exp2=exp[::]
for i in range(1,61):
    exp2[i]+=exp2[i-1]
for _ in range(T):
    x,y=map(int,input().split())
    dat=[0 for _ in range(60)]
    for i in range(y+1,61):
        if x//exp[i]%2==0:
            break
    i-=1
    print(exp2[i])