T=int(input())
for _ in range(T):
  x,y=map(int, input().split())
  A=[]
  c=bin(x)[2:][::-1]
  for cc in c:
    A.append(cc)
  for i in range(y+1):
    A[i]='1'
  a=''.join(A)[::-1]
  c=0
  for i in range(len(a)):
    if a[-1-i]=='1':
      c+=1
    else:
      break 
  print(pow(2,c)-1)