#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using pl = pair<ll,ll>;
using vl = vector<ll>;
#define rep(i,n) for(ll i=0;i<(ll)(n);++i)
#define reps(i,s,n) for(ll i=(s);i<(ll)(n);++i)
#define rep1(i,n) for(ll i=1;i<=(ll)(n);++i)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#define be(v) (v).begin(),(v).end()
const long long INF = 1e18;
#ifdef DEBUG
#include <debug.hpp>
#endif

ll N;
ll logic(){
	ll x,y;cin>>x>>y;
	ll mx = -1;
	reps(i,y,61){
		if(x & 1LL<<i){
			mx = i;
		}else break;
	}
	if(mx == -1) return 0;
	ll ans = 0;
	rep(i,mx+1){
		ans += (1LL<<i);
	}
	#ifdef DEBUG
	show("mx",mx);
	#endif
	return ans;
}
int main(){
	ll T;cin>>T;
	rep(qi,T){
		cout<<logic()<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}
//cout << fixed << setprecision(9);