import collections,sys,math,functools,operator,itertools,bisect,heapq,decimal,string,time,random
#sys.setrecursionlimit(10**9)
t = int(input())


for i in range(t):
    x,y = map(int,input().split())
    for j in range(60):
        if j < y and ((x >> j) & 1) == 0:
            x += 2**j

    temp = 0
    for j in range(60):
        if ((x >> j) & 1) == 1:
            temp += 2**j
        else:
            break
    print(temp)