#include "bits/stdc++.h"

using i64 = std::int_fast64_t;
using u64 = std::uint_fast64_t;

void run() {
	u64 x, y;
	std::cin >> x >> y;
	u64 base = std::__lg(x);
	u64 ans = 0;
	if (((x >> y) & 1) == 0) {
		std::cout << "0\n";
	}
	else if (((x >> y) & 1) == 1 && ((x >> (y + 1)) & 1) == 0) {
		std::cout << (1ull << (y + 1)) - 1 << "\n";
	}
	else {
		do {
			y++;
		} while ((x >> (y + 1)) & 1);
		std::cout << (1ull << (y + 1)) - 1 << "\n";
	}
}

int main() {
	std::cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
	int t;
	std::cin >> t;
	for (int tcase = 0; tcase < t; tcase++) {
		run();
	}
	return 0;
}