#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<queue>
#include<vector>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<set>
#include<ctime>
#include<random>
#include<string>
#define dbg(x) cerr<<__LINE__<<':'<<#x<<" = "<<x<<'\n';
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
ll t;
ll x,y;
ll d[69];
ll pw[69];
ll tp;
int main(){
	#ifdef ABUKA
		freopen("abuka.in","r",stdin);
		freopen("abuka.out","w",stdout);
	#endif
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
	cin.tie(0);
	cout.tie(0);
	pw[0]=1;
	for(int i=1;i<=60;i++){
		pw[i]=pw[i-1]*2;
	}
	cin>>t;
	while(t--){
		tp=0;
		for(int i=0;i<=60;i++){
			d[i]=0;
		}
		cin>>x>>y;
		while(x){
			d[tp]=x&1;
			tp++;
			x>>=1;
		}
		if(d[y]==0){
			cout<<0<<'\n';
			continue;
		}
		while(d[y+1]==1){
			y++;
		}
		cout<<pw[y+1]-1<<'\n';
	}
	return 0;
}