# import pypyjit;pypyjit.set_param("max_unroll_recursion=-1")
# from bisect import *
# from collections import *
# from heapq import *
# from itertools import *
# from math import *
# from datetime import *
# from decimal import *  # PyPyだと遅い
# from string import ascii_lowercase,ascii_uppercase
# import numpy as np
import sys

# sys.setrecursionlimit(10**6) # PyPyだと遅い
INF = 10**20
MOD = 998244353
# MOD = 10**9 + 7
File = sys.stdin


def input():
    return File.readline()[:-1]


# ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


for _ in range(int(input())):
    x, y = map(int, input().split())
    idx_y = x // (2**y) // 2 + 1

    cnt = 0
    # print(idx_y, end=" ")
    while idx_y % 2 == 0:
        idx_y /= 2
        cnt += 1
    print(2 ** (y + 1 + cnt) - 1)