T=int(input())
for _ in range(T):
  x,y=map(int,input().split())

  bit=bin(x)[2:][::-1]
  if y<len(bit) and bit[y]=="1":
    while y+1<len(bit):
      y+=1
    print((2**(y+1)-1))
  else:
    ans=0
    print(ans)