#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

string change_base(int n, int base, int siz=0) {
  string ret;
  if (n==0) {
    ret.push_back('0');
  }
  while (n>0) {
    ret.push_back(n%base+'0');
    n/=base;
  }
  if (siz) {
    while (ret.size()<siz) {
      ret.push_back('0');
    }
  }
  return ret;
}

int main() {
  int t;
  cin>>t;
  while (t--) {
    long long x;
    int y;
    cin>>x>>y;
    string bin=change_base(x,2,60);
    int r=y;
    while (r<60&&bin[r]=='1') {
      r++;
    }
    long long ans=0;
    for (int i=0;i<r;i++) {
      ans+=1ll<<i;
    }
    cout<<ans<<endl;
  }
}