#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
void solve() {
	ll x; int y;
	cin >> x >> y;
	while ((x >> y) & 1) {
		y ++;
	}
	cout << (1ll << y) - 1 << endl;
}
int main () {
	int T;
	cin >> T;
	while (T --) {
		solve();
	}
}