T = int(input())
ans = []
for _ in range(T):
    x, y = list(map(int, input().split()))
    y_max = y
    while True:
        x_bin = format(x, 'b')[::-1]
        if y_max > len(x_bin)-1 or x_bin[y_max] == "0":
            break
        y_max += 1
    
    ans.append(2**y_max - 1)
        
print(*ans, sep="\n")