local ffi = require("ffi")
local C = ffi.C
ffi.cdef[[
long long atoll(const char*);
]]

local function lltonumber(str)
  return C.atoll(str)
end

local q = io.read("*n", "*l")
for iq = 1, q do
  local x, y = io.read():match("(%d+) (%d+)")
  x = lltonumber(x)
  y = tonumber(y)
  local c = y
  for i = 1, y do
    x = x / 2LL
  end
  while x % 2LL == 1LL do
    c = c + 1
    x = x / 2LL
  end
  local ans = 1LL
  for i = 1, c do
    ans = ans + ans
  end
  ans = ans - 1LL
  ans = tostring(ans):gsub("LL", "")
  print(ans)
end