T = int(input())
for _ in range(T):
    x, y = map(int, input().split())
    B = []
    while x > 0:
        B.append(x % 2)
        x //= 2
    NB = len(B)
    ans = 0
    while y < NB and B[y] == 1:
        y += 1
    print((1 << y) - 1)